V1 , y1 , HV1

CONDENSOR

TOP PRODUCT
(Distilat)
Lo , Xo,
Enriching Ho D , XD ,
section HD

REFLUX = L0 / D

Rectifying FEED
section F , XF ,
HF

Stripping
section

REBOILER

W, XW,
HW
BOTTOM
PRODUCT
CONDENSOR
Condensor total :
• Semua uap V1 yang masuk
condensor diembunkan
Condensor parsiel
• Jika hanya sebagian uap V1 yang
diembunkan

REBOILER
Reboiler total
• Semua cairan yang masuk reboiler
diuapkan kembali
Reboiler parsiel
• Jika hanya sebagian cairan yang
masuk reboiler yang diuapkan
REFLUX = LO/D
Reflux total :
• Semua distilat dikembalikan ke
kolom
• Jumlah stage minimum

Relux minimum
• Hanya sebagian kecil distilat yang
dimasukkan kembali ke kolom
• Jumlah stage tak terhingga
• Garis operasi berimpit dengan garis
seimbang (umumnya melewati titik
F)

Dalam praktek digunakan Reflux

optimal : Harga reflux dimana biaya
total operasi distilasi minimum
 Air
pendingin

Condensor total

Air
pendingin

Condensor parsiel
 REBOILER

steam

REBOILER TOTAL

steam

REBOILER PARSIEL
 JUMLAH PLATE IDEAL

CAMPURAN BINER
• Metode Ponchon-Savarit
• Metode Mc Cabe-Thiele

MULTI KOMPONEN
• Short cut
• Plate to plate calculation
 Neraca total F  D W (1)

Neraca komponen Fx F  Dx D  WxW (2)

Neraca enthalpy FH F  QR  DH D  WH W  QC (3)

QC  DH D
H D Q '

D (4)

WH W  QR
H W Q  "

W
(4)  (3)
FH F  DQ '  WQ " (5)

(1)  (5)
( D  W ) H F  DQ '  WQ "

DH F  WH F  DQ  WQ ' "

D( H F  Q ' )  W (Q "  H F )

D Q"  H F
 (6)
W H F  Q'
 D Q’

V6
V5
H V4
V 3 V2
6
5 V1
 DV1 4
3
R L6 2
V1 D 1
W L5
L4
L3
L2
F L1
D

Q”
W
y

xW xF x xD
  D minV1
Rmin 
V1 D
 D min
Q’
H
V1

F D

Q”
W

xF
xW x xD
  D minV1
Rmin 
V1 D

 D min
H
V1

F D

xF
xW x xD
  D minV1
Rmin 
V1 D

H  D min
V1

F
W

xF
xW x xD
  D minV1
Rmin 
V1 D

 D min
H
V1

F D

xF
xW x xD
  D minV1
Rmin 
V1 D  D min
Vn Q’
V5
H
V3
V2
V1

Ln
1
W

L3 L2
F L1 D

Q”
W

xF
xW x xD
 D  
V3 
H V2
3 V1
 DV1 2
R
V1 D 1
L3
W
L2
F L1
D

W 
 1

y
2

xW xF x xD
Pers (6) adalah pers. garis lurus pada
diagram H - (x, y) melalui
(Q , x D ) pada D ,
'
( H F , x F ) padaF
dan (Q " , xW ) pada W
F   D  W (7)
 Minimum stages
for a column operating at total reflux
with no feeds or products.

XB
X
 Minimum reflux
for a binary system of normal volatility.

XB XF XD

X
Optimum reflux ratio
 (a) (b)
(a) Circular or bell cap. (b) Tunnel cap.
Ad = down comer area

Ao = active, or bubbling area

Ad = down comer area

TABLE 14-7b Characteristics of Random Packings (Perry)
Conditions favoring packed columns are:
1. For columns less than 0.6-m (2.0-ft) diameter, packings
are usually cheaper than plates unless alloy-metal packings
are required.
2. Acids and many other corrosive materials can be handled
in packed columns because construction can be of ceramic,
carbon, or other resistant materials.
3. Packings often exhibit desirable efficiency-pressure-drop
characteristics for critical vacuum distillations.
4. Liquids tending to foam may be handled more readily in
packed columns because of the relatively low degree of
liquid agitation by the gas.
5. Holdup of liquid can be quite low in packed columns, an
advantage when the liquid is thermally sensitive.

Conditions unfavorable to packed

columns are:
1. If solids are present in the liquid or gas, plate columns can
be designed to permit easier cleaning.
2. Some packing materials are subject to easy breakage
during insertion into the column or resulting from thermal
expansion and contraction.
3. High liquid rates can often be handled more economically
in plate columns than in packed columns.
4. Cooling coils can be incorporated more readily into plate
devices.
5. Low liquid rates lead to incomplete wetting of column
packings, thus decreasing contacting efficiency.
(a) Flush vaporization or partial condensation.

(b) Absorption.

(c) Rectifier. (d) Stripping

 (e) Reboiled stripping. ( f ) Reboiled absorption

(g) Refluxed stripping

(h) Extractive distillation

(i) Azeotropic distillation