INTRODUCTION

Today our country is passing through a critical stage; employment is very

scarce, large numbers of educated people remain unemployed for long time.
Our government is trying to do its best to provide employment, but the
government has its own limitation. So self-employment is very important
aspect according to present scenario.

A vending machine is a machine that provides various snacks, beverages and other
products to consumers. In many countries, vending machines generally serve the
purpose of selling snacks and beverages, but are also common in busy locations to
sell other items such as newspapers. Some countries sell alcoholic beverages such
as beer through vending machines.
 HISTORY

The first recorded reference to a vending machine is found in the work of Hero of
Alexandra, a first-century engineer and mathematician. His machine accepted a coin and
then dispensed a fixed amount of holy water. When the coin was deposited, it fell upon a
pan attached to a lever. The lever opened up a valve which let some water flow out. The
pan continued to tilt with the weight of the coin until it fell off, at which point a counter-
weight would snap the lever back up and turn off the valve.
Despite this early precedent, vending machines had to wait for the Industrial Age before
they came to prominence. The first modern coin-operated vending machines were
introduced in London, England in the early 1880s, dispensing post cards.
The first vending machine in the U.S. was built in 1888 by the Thomas Adams Gum
Company, selling gum on train platforms. The idea of adding simple games to these
machines as a further incentive to buy came in 1897 when the Pulver Manufacturing
Company added small figures which would move around whenever somebody bought some
gum from their machines. This simple idea spawned a whole new type of mechanical device
known as the "trade stimulators". The birth of slot machines and pinball is ultimately rooted
in these early devices.
 TYPES OF VENDING MACHINE

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 Water Packets
Coin inlet

Weight sensor

Conveyor belt Motor

Gear motor
Slider control
circuit

Side view diagram of water packet vending machine

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 CAPACITOR
A ›
› (formerly known as › ) is a passive electronic component consisting of a
pair of conductors separated by a dielectric (insulator). When there is a potential difference
(voltage) across the conductors, a static electric field develops in the dielectric that stores
energy and produces a mechanical force between the conductors. An ideal capacitor is
characterized by a single constant value, capacitance, measured in farads. This is the ratio of
the electric charge on each conductor to the potential difference between them.
Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits for blocking direct current while allowing
alternating current to pass, in filter networks, for smoothing the output of power supplies, in
the resonant circuits that tune radios to particular frequencies and for many other purposes.
The effect is greatest when there is a narrow separation between large areas of conductor,
hence capacitor conductors are often called "plates", referring to an early means of
construction. In practice the dielectric between the plates passes a small amount of leakage
current and also has an electric field strength limit, resulting in a breakdown voltage, while the
conductors and leads introduce an equivalent series resistance.
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MOTOR CONTROL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Supply voltage (VCC) 4.5 to 15 V

Supply current (VCC = +5 V) 3 to 6 mA

Supply current (VCC = +5 V) 10 to 15 mA

Output current (maximum) 200 mA

Power dissipation 600 mW

Operating temperature 0 to 70 °C

 






1 GND Ground, low level (0V)

2 TRIG A short pulse high-to-low on the trigger starts the timer

3 OUT During a timing interval, the output stays at +VCC

4 RESET A timing interval can be interrupted by applying a reset pulse to low (0V)

5 CTRL Control voltage allows access to the internal voltage divider (2/3 VCC)

6 THR The threshold at which the interval ends (it ends if U.thr ї 2/3 VCC)

7 DIS Connected to a capacitor whose discharge time will influence the timing
interval

8 V+,VCC The positive supply voltage which must be between 3 and 15 V

 555 TIMER

The ''' 
 Ú is an integrated circuit(chip) implementing a variety of timer and
multivibrator applications. The IC was designed by Hans R. Camenzindin 1970and
brought to market in 1971 by Signetics(later acquired by Philips). The original name was
the SE555 (metal can)/
''' (plastic DIP) and the part was described as "The IC Time
Machine". It has been claimed that the 555 gets its name from the three 5 Kɏ used in
typical early implementations.

The part is still in wide use, thanks to its ease of use, low price and good stability. As of
2003, it is estimated that 1 billion units are manufactured every year% Depending on the
manufacturer, the standard 555 package includes over 20 transistors, 2 diodes and
15resistors on a silicon chip installed in an 8-pin mini dual-in-line package (DIP-8). Variants
available include the 556 (a 14-pin DIP combining two 555s on one chip), and the 558 (a
16-pin DIP combining four slightly modified 555s with DIS & THR connected internally, and
TR falling edge sensitive instead of level sensitive).
Ultra-low power versions of the 555 are also available, such as the 7555 and TLC555. The
7555 requires slightly different wiring using fewer external components and less power.
 Controlage voltage input

The ''' 
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implementing a variety of timer and
multivibrator applications.
astable mode to generate a continuous series
of pulses
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v =Induced voltage in secondary winding

v
=Induced voltage in primary winding
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=No. of turns in primary winding
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 TRANSISTOR
A     is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals. It
is made of a solid piece of semiconductor material, with at least three terminals for
connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the
transistor's terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals.
Because the controlled (output) power can be much more than the controlling (input)
power, the transistor provides amplification of a signal. Today, some transistors are
packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits.
The transistor is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices and is
ubiquitous in modern electronic systems. Following its release in the early 1950s the
transistor revolutionised the field of electronics, and paved the way for smaller and
cheaper radios, calculators, and computers, amongst other things.
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The transistor is being used to

  

There are two types of standard transistors, 
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The transistor provides amplification of a signal.

Transistor made of a solid piece of semiconductor material,

The Transistor have controlled (output) power can be much

more than the controlling (input) power

Small size and minimal weight, allowing the development

 








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Control a high-voltage circuit with a low-voltage signal, as in some types of modems or
audio amplifiers,
Control a high-current circuit with a low-current signal, as in the starter solenoid of an
automobile,
Detect and isolate faults on transmission and distribution lines by opening and closing
circuit breakers (protection relays),
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The Electric Current is passed through the coil of the relay creates a
magnetic field which attracts a armature and changes the switch contacts.
The coil current can be on or off so relays have two switch positions and
most have `  (› ) switch contacts as shown in the
diagram.
The main function of relay are :
Control a high-voltage circuit with a low-voltage signal, as in some types of
modems or audio amplifiers,
Control a high-current circuit with a low-current signal, as in the starter
solenoid of an automobile,
Detect and isolate faults on transmission and distribution lines by opening
and closing circuit breakers (protection relays),
 PAPER VENDING MACHINE

After paying, a product may become available by:

the machine releasing it, so that it falls in an open
compartment at the bottom, or into a cup, either
released first, or put in by the customer
the unlocking of a door, drawer, turning of a knob, etc.
Some products need to be prepared to become
available. For example, tickets are printed or
magnetized on the spot, and coffee is freshly
concocted. One of the most common form of vending
machine, the snack machine, often uses a metal coil
which when ordered rotates to release the product.
 COFFE VENDING MACHINE





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 APPLICATION & ADVANTAGES


› 
The project is aimed to make water available in remote areas like hill tops, tourist spots where
setup of water pipe is a difficult task.
á It can be easily used by tourism dept. to facilitate water facility at remote areas as-
á Jungle resorts
á Hill tops
á Picnic spots
á National parks
á National highways
á Railway reservation counters
á & many other locations.

  
á Robust and compact to use.
á Easy to use.
á Low cost.
á Use the locally available components.
á Easy maintenance.
á Easy to assemble.
á
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