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Myopathy is a disease of the muscles that causes muscle weakness. There are two main classifications of myopathy - congenital and acquired. Congenital myopathies are present from birth and include muscular dystrophies, myotonia, and mitochondrial myopathies. Acquired myopathies develop later in life and include dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Common symptoms of myopathy include muscle weakness, aching, and cramping. Diagnosis involves testing muscle tissue and may include a biopsy. Treatment depends on the specific type but may include corticosteroids, physical therapy, and surgery.
Myopathy is a disease of the muscles that causes muscle weakness. There are two main classifications of myopathy - congenital and acquired. Congenital myopathies are present from birth and include muscular dystrophies, myotonia, and mitochondrial myopathies. Acquired myopathies develop later in life and include dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Common symptoms of myopathy include muscle weakness, aching, and cramping. Diagnosis involves testing muscle tissue and may include a biopsy. Treatment depends on the specific type but may include corticosteroids, physical therapy, and surgery.
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Myopathy is a disease of the muscles that causes muscle weakness. There are two main classifications of myopathy - congenital and acquired. Congenital myopathies are present from birth and include muscular dystrophies, myotonia, and mitochondrial myopathies. Acquired myopathies develop later in life and include dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Common symptoms of myopathy include muscle weakness, aching, and cramping. Diagnosis involves testing muscle tissue and may include a biopsy. Treatment depends on the specific type but may include corticosteroids, physical therapy, and surgery.
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Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Unduh sebagai PPTX, PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
the muscle fibers do not function for any one of many reasons, resulting in muscular weakness. Classification 1) Congenital I. Muscular dystrophies II. Myotonia III. Congenital myopathies -nemaline myopathies -multi/minicore myopahies -centronuclear myopathy IV. Mitochondrial myopathies V. Familial periodic paralysis VI. Inflammatory myopathies VII. Metabolic myopathies -Glycogen storage diseases -Lipid storage disorder 2) Acquired I. Dermatomyositis II. Polymyositis III. Myositis ossificans IV. Rhabdomyolisis Classification of Muscular Dystrophies Based on Clinical Patterns : • Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy • Becker Muscular Dystrophy • Congenital Muscular Dystrophies • Fascioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSH) • Scapuloperoneal Muscular Dystrophy • Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy • Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy Thank You Causes & Risk factor • Inheritable myopathies are caused by a genetic defect. The most common muscular dystrophies, DMD and BMD, genetic defect on the X chromosome.
• Risk factors for other types of myopathy include the
following: – autoimmune disorders (e.g., myasthenia gravis, scleroderma, thyroiditis) – Endocrine disorders (e.g., Cushing syndrome, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism) – Exposure to toxins (e.g., herbicides, insecticides,) – Infection (e.g., HIV, Lyme disease, trichinosis) – Vitamin D deficiency, vitamin E or A toxicity – Medication (e.g., long-term corticosteroid use) – Metabolic disorder (e.g., glycogen and lipid storage diseases) Signs and Symptoms • Skeletal muscle weakness hallmark of most myopathies, with some noticeable exceptions, (myotonia and paramyotonia congenita) • weakness occurs primarily in the muscles of the shoulders, upper arms, thighs, and pelvis (proximal muscles). In some cases, the distal muscles of the hands and feet may be involved advanced stage of disease. • Other typical symptoms of muscle disease include the following: – Aching – Cramping – Pain – Stiffness – Tenderness – Tightness Complication • If heart (cardiac) muscle is affected in later stages of disease, abnormal heart rhythms or weakness of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy) may develop. A patient with cardiomyopathy is at risk for congestive heart failure (CHF).
• myopathies can cause significant breathing difficulties and an
increased risk for pneumonia, flu (influenza), and other respiratory infections.
• When swallowing muscles are affected, patients with myopathy
are at increased risk for choking and malnutrition. Diagnosis • Complete family history • Clinical and Neurological Evaluation • Blood Tests: Creatine kinase (CK), Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), Pyruvate kinase (PK) • Electromyogram • Muscle Tissue Biopsy Treatment • Muscular Dystrophies – to slow the progression of disease and relieve symptoms. – Corticosteroids (e.g., deflazacort, prednisone) improve strength and walking ability for about 6 months in boys with Duchenne dystrophy. – Preventive treatment for permanent contraction of a muscle (contractures) includes physical therapy and bracing – Heel cord surgery (tendon release) and spine-straightening surgery (i.e., rod insertion) may be necessary in cases of severe contractures. • Endocrine Myopathies – treating the underlying condition helps relieve muscle weakness and pain associated with endocrine myopathies. • Inflammatory Myopathies – Prednisone high doses (up to 100mg/day) and then slowly tapered to the lowest possible dose that relieves symptoms.
• Metabolic Myopathies – primary goal in treating metabolic myopathies is to avoid situations that tax the muscles and promote muscle pain and weakness, like strenuous exercise. Thank You