Endokrin Pankreas (DM) - Dinda& Vicko
Endokrin Pankreas (DM) - Dinda& Vicko
PANCREATIC HORMONES
(DIABETES MELITUS)
Dinda Elisa Putri Vicko Suswidiantoro
(1906338390) (1906338541)
OUTLINE
Fisiologi Pankreas
Pendahuluan
& Insulin
Patofisiologi Pengobatan
Diabetes Melitus Diabetes Melitus
PENDAHULUAN
Diabetes Melitus
• Definisi (WHO, ICD-11)
Gangguan metabolisme dengan etiologi heterogen
yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia kronis dan
gangguan metabolisme karbohidrat, lemak, dan
protein akibat defek sekresi insulin, aksi insulin, atau
keduanya.
• Definisi (Perkeni, 2015)
Suatu kelompok penyakit metabolik dengan
karakteristik hiperglikemia yang terjadi karena
kelainan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin atau kedua-
duanya
FISIOLOGI PANKREAS &
INSULIN
• Anatomi dan fungsi pankreas
• Sintesis, sekresi dan pensinyalan insulin
ANATOMI
PANKREAS
Petunjuk Praktis terapi Insulin pd pasien Diabetes Mellitus, Perkeni 2007, disadur dari:
Le Roith, Molecular Mechanism by which metabolic control may improve outcome,
Endocr Pract 2004;10 (Suppl 2): 57-62
DM TYPE 2
Basic Steps in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes
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DM Type 2 Pharmacotherapy
Metformin
Insulin Secretagogue:
Sulfonylurea (2nd
Generation)
Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors
Thiazolidinedione
DPP-4 Inhibitors
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Approach to Combination Oral Therapy
In te n s ify in g o f O r a l T h e r a p ie s
C o n tin u e A d d I n s u l in
1. Metformin
Foretz, et al. 2014. Metformin : From mechanism of action therapies. Cell metabolism
Foretz et al. 2019. Understanding the glucoregulatory mechanisms of metformin in type 2 diabetes
Foretz, et al. 2014. Metformin : From mechanism of action therapies.
2. Sulfonylurea
(2nd Generation)
• Second-generation
sulfonylureas include
glipizide, gliclazide, and
glyburide (glybenclamide).
• Glimepiride occasionally is
referred to as a third-
generation medication,
though it commonly is
classified as second-
generation.
Empaglifozin 10 – 25 mg/
Sekali sehari
hari
Canaglifozin Sekali sehari
100 mg/ hari
Tatalaksana Hipoglikemik
o Hipoglikemia adalah adverse reaction terhadap sejumlah
terapi oral dan paling jelas yaitu dengan terapi insulin.
o Hipoglikemia dapat terjadi akibat dosis besar insulin yang
tidak tepat, dari ketidaksesuaian antara waktu pemberian
insulin dan asupan makanan
o Hipoglikemia
adalah risiko utama yang selalu dibandingkan
dengan manfaat dari upaya menormalkan kontrol glukosa.
Katzung, Betram G & Trevor, Anthony J (2015). Basic & clinical pharmacology 13th edition. San
Francisco: McGraw-Hil Education.
Khazrai, Y. M., Defeudis, G., & P. Pozzilli. (2014). Effect of diet on type 2 diabetes mellitus: a
review. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 32(30), 24–33.
https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr
Levetan, C. (2007). Oral antidiabetic agents in type 2 diabetes. Current Medical Research and
Opinion, 23(4), 945–952. https://doi.org/10.1185/030079907X178766
Makrilakis, K. (2019). The role of dpp-4 inhibitors in the treatment algorithm of type 2 diabetes
mellitus: When to select, what to expect. International Journal of Environmental Research and
Public Health, 16(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152720
Tortora, Gerrard J dan Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. Fifteenth
edition. United States of America: John Wiley & Sons
van Bommel, E. J. M., Muskiet, M. H. A., Tonneijck, L., Kramer, M. H. H., Nieuwdorp, M., & van
Raalte, D. H. (2017). SGLT2 inhibition in the diabetic kidney—from mechanisms to clinical
outcome. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 12(4), 700–710.
https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.06080616