Thermodynamics

Session I
Introduction

ESCI-220 – Fall 2010

Héctor Barrio Crespo

B.S. in Aerospace Engineering

M.Sc. In Aerospace Engineering
MBA
RAMS Engineer
Integrated Logistic Support

ESCI-220 – Fall 2010

Syllabus Overview

Course Syllabus: ESCI-220 Thermodynamics

Credits: 3
Prerequisite: PHYS-161 and prior or concurrent enrolment in MATH-244
Core requirement: AENG, MENG

Introduction:

Thermodynamics is the science of energy, from greek therme (heat) and dynamis
(power) reflecting on the first efforts to convert heat into mechanical power. This
science includes all aspects of energy transformation as mechanical power generation,
refrigeration, and matter transformations. The most basic tenant of this science is the
fundamental law of conservation of energy: energy cannot be created nor destroy.

Instructor:

The instructor for this course will be Hector Barrio Crespo. He completed both his B.S.
and M.Sc. in Aerospace Engineering at Saint Louis University and also holds an MBA
from IE Business School. He has worked as an engineer for EADS-CASA, ITP and
GAMESA, in operations and maintenance management departments.

Course Objectives:

The basic objectives of this course are:

1- Understand the principles basic principles of energy systems.

2- Understand the laws of thermodynamics.
3- Understand a wide range of thermodynamics cycles.
4- Understand real life applications of thermodynamic principles.

Course Outline:

Week 1: Introduction and basic concepts

Week 2: Energy Transfers
Week 3: Analysis of Systems
Week 4: Analysis of Control Volumes
Week 5: Laws of Thermodynamics
Week 6: Midterm Exam – October 7th.
Week 7: Laws of Thermodynamics
Week 8: Work Potentials
Week 9: Power Cycles
Week 10: Refrigeration Systems
Week 11: Gas Mixtures
Week 12: Chemical Equilibriums
Week 13: Special Engineering considerations
Week 14: Team project presentations
Final Exam

ESCI-220 – Fall 2010

Introduction

ESCI-220 – Fall 2010

Importance Of Dimensions & Units

• Fundamental Units are limited to:

Lenght - m
Mass - Kg
Time - s
Temperature - ºK
Electric Current - A
Amount of Light - cd
Amount of Matter – mol, but this one is highly criticized

ESCI-220 – Fall 2010

Dimensional Analysis

• Units inconsistency:

E = 25 KJ + 7 KJ/Kg

Where is the error?

How do we correct it?

ESCI-220 – Fall 2010

Dimensional Analysis

• Deriving a formula that you incoveniently forgot:

Determine the amount of oil in a tank with:

Density ρ= 850Kg/m3

Volume V= 2m3

ESCI-220 – Fall 2010

Dimensional Analysis

• Deriving a formula that you incoveniently forgot:

Determine the amount of oil in a tank with:

Density ρ= 850Kg/m3

Volume V= 2m3

We are looking for mass, Kg:

m= ρV

Kg=Kg/m3· m3

ESCI-220 – Fall 2010

Dimensional Analysis

• Deriving a formula that you incoveniently forgot:

Determine the amount of oil in a tank with:

Density ρ= 850Kg/m3

Volume V= 2m3

In a more scientific notation:

[M]=[M/L3][L3]

ESCI-220 – Fall 2010

Systems & Control Volumes

Boundaries:

-Closed or Open

-Isolated

-If Open: Control Volume

System: Region chosen for Study

ESCI-220 – Fall 2010

Properties of Systems

Continuum: Disregard the atomic nature, matter is continuous

ESCI-220 – Fall 2010

Density and Specific Gravity

ρ=m/V=1/v Specific Gravity:

where SG= ρ/ ρH20

ρ = density (kg/m3) ρH20=1000Kg/m3=1gr/cm3

m = mass (kg) Then, in SI units, specific gravity is equal to density in gr/cm3

and dimensionless.

V = volume (m3)

v = specific volume (m3/kg)

ESCI-220 – Fall 2010

State and Equilibrium

Equilibrium: There are no changes in the system state as time moves forward:

- Thermal
- Mechanical
- Chemical
- Phase Equilibrium

State Postulate: The state of a simple compressible system is completely specified by two
independant, intensive variables.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IBa4kgXI4Cg

ESCI-220 – Fall 2010

Processes and Cycles

Process: Moving from equilibrium to equilibrium

If a system ends returning to a starting state, it has completed a cycle. Otto cycle:

*From wikipedia entry

ESCI-220 – Fall 2010

Temperature and the 0th Law

0th Law: If two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are also in equilibirum
with each other.

This is why thermometers work!

- Kelvin scale: T(K)= T(Cº) + 273.15

- Rankine scale: T(R)= T(ºF)+ 459.67

And: T(R)=1.8T(K)

T(ºF)=1.8T(ºC) + 32

ESCI-220 – Fall 2010

Pressure

Normal force exerted by a fluid per unit area.

1Pa= 1N/m2

ESCI-220 – Fall 2010

Homework

Problems:

1-8
1-14
1-51
1-53
1-56

ESCI-220 – Fall 2010