|


 
 


|

 |
 

Explain the importance of Explain the purpose of a

computer literacy network

Discuss the uses of the Internet

Define the term computer and the World Wide Web

Identify the components of a Describe the categories of

computer computers and their uses

Explain why a computer is a Identify the various types of

powerful tool computer users

Differentiate among the various Understand how a user can be a

categories of software Web publisher

?
 
  



Where can you find computers?

Next
?
 



 Computers are everywhere

  



What is computer literacy?

 If you are computer literate, you have
knowledge and understanding of
computers and their uses

Next
?
 
 á

|


What is a computer?
 n electronic machine,
operating under the
control of instructions
stored in its own memory
½ accepts data
½ manipulates the data
according to specified
rules
½ produces results
½ stores the results for
future use
Next
?
 
 á

|


What are data and information?

Data
Collection of raw
unprocessed
facts, figures,
and symbols

Information
Data that is
organized,
Next
?
 


meaningful,
and useful
 á

|


Who is a user?
 ë
 







 ë
  


 





Next
?
 
 á

|


What are hardware and software?

Hardware
The electric,
electronic, and ëoftware
mechanical equipment
The series of
that makes up a
instructions that
computer
tells the hardware
how to perform
tasks

Next
?
 
 á

|

Process
What is the Input Manipulate the
information ny data or input (data) to
instructions you produce output
processing enter into a (information)
computer
cycle?

Output
Communication Data that has
The capability of been processed
communicating
ëtorage into information
with other rea in a
computers computer that
can hold data
Next and information
?
 for future use
  |

 


|

What are common computer hardware components?

 
 

 


 


 

 







Next
?




  




  |

 


|

What is an input device?
 ny hardware component that allows a user to
enter data and instructions into a computer


   

 




| 






 
?

Next



?






  |

 


|

What is an output device?
 ny hardware component that can convey
information to a user


   




| 





 
 ?

Next
?
 



  |

 


|

What is the system unit ?
 ëometimes called a CD-RW CD-ROM
chassis drive or DVD-
  box-like case made ROM
Zip®
from metal or plastic drive
disk
that protects the drive floppy
internal electronic disk
hard
components of the disk
drive
computer from damage drive
 Circuitry in the system
unit usually is part of
or is connected to a
circuit board called the
Next
motherboard
?
 



  |

 


|

What are two main components on the
motherboard?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
½ lso called a processor
½ Electronic device that interprets
and carries out the basic
instructions that operate the
computer
Memory
| 





 
 ½ Temporary holding place for data
Next
?
 
and instructions
  |

 


|

What is a chip?
 n electronic device that contains many
microscopic pathways that carry electrical currents
 Usually no
bigger than memory
one-half inch chip
square
 Packaged so it processor chip
can be packaging
attached to a
motherboard

Next
?
 


  |

 


|

What are internal components and external
devices?

Internal
Component External Device
Resides inside the lso called a
system unit peripheral
ttaches to the
system unit
Next
?
 
  |

 


|

What is storage?
 Holds data, instructions, and information for future use

ëtorage Device

ëtorage Medium ½ Records and

retrieves items to
½ Physical material and from a storage
on which a medium
computer keeps
| 


the data,
½ Devices often

 function as source of

 
instructions and
  
 input because they
Next information
?
 !
transfer items from
storage into memory
  |

 


|

What are common storage devices or drives?

CD-ROM or
DVD-ROM
CD-RW drive drive

ZIP® drive
hard disk
drive floppy
disk
drive

Next
?
 !



  |

 


|

What is a floppy disk?
  thin, circular,
flexible disk enclosed
in a plastic shell
 Insert and remove a
floppy disk into and
from a floppy disk
drive
  Zip® disk is a
higher capacity disk

Next
?
 !


  |

 


|

What is a hard disk?
 Consists of several self-contained
hard disk
circular platters that
store items electronically
 Disks are enclosed in an
airtight, sealed case,
which often is housed
inside the system unit
 Provides much greater
storage capacity than a
floppy disk
 ëome hard disks are
removable
Next
?
 !


"
! removable
hard disk
  |

 


|

What is a compact disc?
  flat, round portable
medium that stores data
using microscopic pits,
which are created by a
laser light
½ CD-ROM
½ CD-RW
 rewriteable CD
½ DVD-ROM
 tremendous storage
capacities
Next
?
 #

#
  |

 


|

What is miniature storage media?
 Used in devices such as digital cameras
 One popular type is called a card


 
 



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?
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$
  |

 


|

What is a communications device?
 Enables computer users to communicate and to
exchange items such as data, instructions, and
information with another computer
 llows you to establish a connection between two
computers and transmit items over transmission
media, such as cables,
telephone lines,
or satellites
 One type is a
modem
| 





 
|%% 


Next
?
 #





 á 
|




What characteristics make a computer powerful?
ëtorage ëpeed
Reliability
Enormous amounts of Billions of
data can be stored and Dependable because operations can
components have a be carried out
made available for
low failure rate so in a single
processing anytime it is second
needed they produce
consistent results

ccuracy
ommunications
If data is entered correctly
and program works properly, wo connected
the results are error-free ² computers can share
garbage in, garbage out stored data, instructions,
Next (GIGO) accuracy of output and information
?
 # depends on accuracy of
input
 á 
|




What is a network?
 Two or more
computers
connected
together via
communications
media and devices
 The most widely
known network is
the Internet
Next
?
 &

&
 





Bill Gates
 Microsoft¶s chairman
and chief software
architect
 Co-founded Microsoft in
1975
 Regarded as the most
powerful person in the
computer industry
 Consistently anticipates
technological
| 




 developments and

 

'
( 
customer needs
Next
?
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 |




What is a computer program?

  series of instructions that tells the
hardware of a computer what to do

llows you
Uses data in Displays Compares
to input data
memory in information values stored
and stores it
calculations on monitor in memory
in memory

Directs
| 




computer to Prints a ëtores

 
|%? 
 % perform report information
Next
?
 & alternative on disk
operations
 |




What is software installation?

 ëome programs can be
loaded directly from
purchased media,
others must be installed
 Install means part or all
of the instructions are
copied from the
purchased media onto
the computer's hard
disk before the program
can be used

Next
?
 


 |



What happens when you run a program from a CD-
ROM?
ëtep 1 ëtep 2
ëtep 1: Insert the
CD-ROM that
contains
ëtep 2: If the
program into
necessary, the
install
CD-ROM
the programdrive.
on
ëtep 3: The
the hard disk.
program
Then instruct the
executes and the
computer to run
screen displays
the program.
graphics that
Instructions
allow you to
transfer from the
create a greeting
CD-ROM or hard
card.
disk to memory.
Next
?
 


ëtep 3
 |




What is system software?

 Programs that control the operations of the
computer and its devices

Operating ëystem
(Oë) Utility program
ëet of programs Type of system
containing instructions software that performs
that coordinate all the a specific task, usually
activities among related to managing a
computer hardware computer, its devices,
Next
?
 
devices or its programs
 |




What is the user interface?

 Determines how you
interact with software
 Used to control how
you enter data and
instructions
 Used to control how
information displays
on the screen

Next
?
 
 |




What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?

 llows you to interact with the software
using visual images such as icons
 n icon is a icons
small image
that represents
a program, an
instruction, or
icons
some other
object
Next
?
 



 |




What is application software?

 Programs that perform specific tasks for users

ëuite
Collection of popular
individual software
Word applications bundled together
processing as a single unit Presentation
software graphics
software

| 





ëpreadsheet Database

 
software software
)??  
*  
Next
?
 

 |



What is packaged
software?
 Copyrighted
retail software
that meets the
needs of a
wide variety
of users
 Purchase
from stores or
companies on
the Internet
Next
?
 



 |




What is custom software?

 Written by a
programmer
 Tailor-made
program
developed at a
user¶s request
to perform
specific
functions
Next
?
 
 |



What are freeware, public-domain software, and
shareware? ëhareware
½ Copyrighted software
that is distributed free
for a trial period
½ ëend a payment to
developer on honor
Freeware system
½ ëoftware provided at Public-Domain
no cost to a user by ëoftware
an individual or
½ Freeware donated
company
for public use
½ Copyrighted ½ No copyright
Next
?
 
½ Cannot resell it on restrictions
your own
 |




What is an application service provider (ëP)?

Third-party company that

manages and distributes
software and services on
the Internet

You can run the

Both free and
programs from the
paid ëPs
Internet

Next
?
 
 |




Who designs and writes software?

 Computer programmer (or
programmer)
½ Writes software
programs
 ëystems nalyst
½ Designs a program,
working with both the
user and the
programmer to
determine the desired
output of the program

Next
?
 
 |



How are programs written?
 Programmers use a programming language
to write computer programs

Next
?
 


 3
 
 
  
What is a network?
 Collection of computers and devices connected together
via communications devices and media
 When your computer connects to a network you are
online

Communications Device Communications Media

½ Modem ½ Cables
½ Telephone lines
½ Cellular radio
Next
?
 
½ ëatellites
 3
 
   
What are the reasons to network?

Hardware
To share To save
devices
resources time and
money

ëoftware
programs Information

Data
Next
?
 
 3
 
 
  
What is a local area network (LN)?
  network that
connects
computers in a
limited
geographic
area such as a
school
computer
laboratory,
office or group
Next of buildings
?
 


 3
 
   

What is a wide area network (WN)?

  network that covers a large geographical
area, such as one that connects offices
across the country

Next
?
 

!

Next
 3
 
   

What is the Internet?

  worldwide
collection of
networks that
links together
millions of
businesses,
government
agencies,
educational
institutions, and
individuals
| 





 
 
Next
?
 !
 3
 
   

Why do users access the Internet?

 E-mail
 Information
 E-mail  Meeting
 ëhopping people
 Information
 Meeting people
 Entertainment
 ëhopping

Next
 Entertainment
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#
 3
 
   

How do users connect to the Internet?

Internet ëervice
Provider (IëP)
Online ëervice
Company that Provider (OëP)
supplies
connections to the Provides access to
Internet, usually the Internet, as
for a monthly fee well as a variety of
other specialized
content and
services
Next
?
 #
 3
 
 
  
What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?
 Billions of documents, called Web pages, that are
linked together on computers throughout the world

Web browser
Web site
Program used to
Collection of
Web page access and view
related Web
Web pages
pages Contains text,
graphics, sound, or
video and has
Next connections to other
?
 #
Web pages
 3
 
   
How do you connect ëtep 1
to the Internet and
display a Web page?
ëtep 1 : Use
your computer
ëtep 2 :  Web
to make
ëtep a local
4 : The
browser such
telephone
Web
ëtep browser call
3 : Enter ëtep 2
as Internet
to an
locates
the online
address
the of
Explorer
service
Web
the Web
site for
site
displays a Web
you
the
page wish
entered to
on your
visit
address
screen and
displays a
Web page on
your screen ëtep 4
Next ëtep 3
?
 #

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 |


|


What are the categories of computers?

Next
?
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&
 

|


What is a personal computer?

  computer that can perform all of its input, processing,
output, and storage activities by itself

Contains at least
Microprocessor
Two major
½ One Input The single chip categories
device
that performs
½ Desktop
½ One output all the
device processing ½ Notebook
functions on a
½ One storage personal
device
computer
Next
½ Memory
?
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½  processor
 

|


What are the two most popular series of

personal computers?

The pple Macintosh uses

the Macintosh operating
system (Mac Oë)

Next
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$


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"

The PC and compatibles use the
Windows operating system
 |


 | 
!

Gateway

 One of the world¶s

leading technology
manufacturers
 Manufactures
built-to-order PCs
| 






 
 Consumers from around
(  + the world order more
Next
?
 
than 11,000 custom
systems daily
 

|


What is a desktop computer?

 Designed so the
system unit, input
devices, output
devices, and any
other devices fit
entirely on or under a
desk or table

| 





 

|%? 
Next
?
 &



 

|


What are some desktop

computer variations?
  

½ 
 




  



Next
?
 &



 

|


What are some desktop

computer variations?
 
 

½  

 





 

 


 



Next
?
 


 

|


What are some desktop

computer variations?
 Workstation
½ More expensive and powerful desktop
designed for work that requires intense
calculations
and graphics capabilities
 ëtand-alone
½ Can perform the information processing
cycle operations without being
connected to a network
Next
?
 
 

|


What are some desktop

computer variations?
 ëerver
½ Powerful desktop that
manages the
resources on a
network
 Clients or workstations
½ Other computers on
network that access
the contents of the
storage area on the
Next servers
?
 


 

|


What is a notebook computer?

 lso called a laptop
 Portable, personal
computer small
enough to fit on your
lap
 Generally more
expensive than a
desktop computer
with equal
capabilities

 


Next
?
 


 ©
 |


What is a handheld computer?

  

 

 ë




 

| 





 
, - -
|%? 
Next
?
 


!
 ©
 |

How do you input data with a
handheld computer?

 ëome have small

keyboards
 Others use a stylus
½  stylus looks like a
ballpoint pen, but
uses pressure,
instead of ink to write
 ëome support voice
Next
input
?
 

 ©
 |


What is a personal digital assistant (PD)?

 One of the most
popular handheld
computers in use
today
 Provides personal
organizer functions
½ Calendar
½ ppointment
book
½ ddress book
½ Calculator
Next ½ Notepad
?
 


#
 ©
 |


What are Web-enabled handheld computers?

 llow you to access the Internet wirelessly
Web-enabled
Web-enabled
cellular telephone
handheld
Web-enabled
computer
two-way pager

Next
?
 

$
   "


What is an Internet appliance or information

appliance?
 Computer with
limited
functionality
whose main
purpose is to
connect to the
Internet from
home
Next
?
 


&
   "


What is WebTV?
 n Internet
appliance in the
form of a set-top
box
 ëits on top of or
next to a
television set
and allows you
to access the
Internet on the
TV
Next
?
 



 Ô#


What is a mid-range
server?
 More powerful and
larger than a
workstation computer
 ëupports up to 4,000
users
 Often connected via a
personal computer or
terminal
 Once known as a
Next minicomputer
?
 



 Ô#


What is a terminal?

ëometimes called
dumb terminals
Device with a
½ No processing
monitor and power
keyboard used ½ Cannot stand alone
to access a ½ Must be connected
server to a server to
operate

Next
?
 
 Ô
 


What is a mainframe?
 Large, expensive,
very powerful
computer
 Can handle
hundreds or
thousands of
connected users
simultaneously
 ëtores
tremendous
amounts of data,
instructions, and
Next
information
?
 



 |


 | 
!

 International Business
Machines (IBM)
 Incorporated in 1911
 The first family of
computers with
interchangeable software
| 

 and peripherals



 
'.
 World¶s largest
Next
?
  information technology
company
 


What is a supercomputer?
 Fastest, most powerful computer
 ble to
process
more than 12
trillion
instructions
per second

Next
?
 



 ! 


 



What is an information 1. Hardware
1. Hardware
system?

 For an information 2. ëoftware

2. ëoftware
system to provide
accurate, timely,
| 




and useful
3. Data
3. Data

 

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information, each
/ + element must be 5. Procedures
present and all of
| 





the elements must

 
work together
. 

/ +
Next
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4b. People
4b. People (users)
(users) 4a.
4a. People
People (IT
(IT personnel)
personnel)
 !$

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What are five categories of computer users?

. 
,%  
'

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**0,%
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?
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 !$

|
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What software is available for a home user?

finance and business

research
management
Web access
entertainment

Next
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!
 !$

|
%


How do computer companies

accommodate children?
 Many
manufacturers
design special
hardware for
children

Next
?

&


#
 !$

|
%


á





 Idea that you can separate
people of the world into
two distinct groups
½ Those who have
access to technology
with the ability to use it
½ Those who do not
have access to
technology or are
without the ability to
use it

 



Next
?

&
 





ëhawn Fanning
 s a 19-year-old
freshman
computer science
major, he
developed the
Napster software
and company
 Pioneering file-
sharing concept
has implications
for all copyrighted
digital information
| 





 
 
 
Next
?

&
 !$

|
%


What hardware and software is á

available for a small office/home
office (ëOHO) user?
 Desktop usage
 Local rea
Network (Lan)
 Productivity
software
 ëpecialty
software
 Web usage
Next
?




$

 
 !$

|
%


What new computer trends concern a

small office/home office (ëOHO) user?
 E-mail
½ Communicate with others
 E-commerce
½ Conduct financial
business on the Web
 Web cam
½ llows a ëOHO user to
show the world a live
view of some aspect of
Next their business
?


 !$

|
%


What is a mobile user?

 Travel to and from a
main office to conduct
business
 Hardware
½ Notebook computers
½ Handheld computers
½ Web-enabled cellular
telephones
 ëoftware
½ Productivity
Next ½ Presentation
?



&
 !$

|
%


What are the needs of the

large business user?
 Network
½ Local area network (LN)
½ Wide rea Network (WN)
 Large business Web site
 ëales management
 ccounting
 Desktop publishing
 Information systems
department
 Productivity software
 ëcheduling
Next  Web access
?




 !$

|
%


What is a kiosk?
  freestanding computer
 Usually has multimedia
capability and a touch
screen
 Used by a large business
to provide information to
the public


 


Next
?





 !$

|
%


What is telecommuting?
  work
arrangement in
which employees
work away from a
company¶s
standard
workplace
 Often
communicate with
the office using
some
communications
Next technology
?




 !$

|
%


What are the needs of a power user?

 Requires the capabilities of a workstation or other
powerful computer
 Types of power users
½ Engineers
½ rchitects
½ Desktop publishers
½ Graphic artists
 Typically work with
multimedia
½ Combines text,
graphics, sound,
Next video, and other
?



 media elements into

one application
 |
%

á
 
What is Web publishing?
 Making a Web page available on the Internet
  few reasons to publish Web pages
½ Provide family
information
½ Provide information
about business
½ Provide a resume
online
½ Provide online courses
called distance-
Next learning courses
?




 |
%

á
 
What are other ways to use the Web?
 Photo communities
½ llow you to create an online photo album
 Electronic storefronts
½ llow a small
business to advertise
and take orders
directly at a Web site
 Communicate with
others

 
½ E-mail



 ½ Chat rooms



Next
½ Instant messaging
?

!

!
 

 
 


|

 The digital revolution
 What is a computer?
 The components of a computer
 Why is a computer so powerful?
 Computer software
 Networks and the Internet
 Categories of computers
 Personal computers

Next
 

 
 


|
&
'(
 Handheld computers
 Internet appliances
 Mid-range servers
 Mainframes
 ëupercomputers
 Elements of an information system
 Examples of computer usage
 Computer user as a Web publisher

Next
|
|