Human

EXCRETION
System
It is a system which helps our
It is a system which helps our
body to get rid of metabolic
waste such as C02 , salts ,
excess water and mainly
.nitrogenous waste
 Excretory organs
There are 3 excretory Osmoregulation
organs in our body
A process of
They are :-
maintaining water and
1. Lungs (CO2)
salt in the body
2. Skin (water and salts)
3. Kidneys (nitrogenous
waste, water,
salts)
Structure of urinary
system
The waste products are classified
by kidneys making urine which is
passed on into the ureters which
joins with the bladder. The urine is
stored in the bladder for some
time. Sphincter muscles control
the movement of urine to the
outside world through urethra.
There are two pairs of sphincter
muscles. One pair is voluntarily
while the other is involuntary.
The aorta and vena cava are
responsible for bringing and
taking the blood to and from the
kidney for filtration.
 Composition of urine
Substances Amount g/dm3
 Urea 23.3
 Ammonia 0.4
 Other nitrogenous 1.6
waste
 Sodium chloride
10.0
 Potassium
1.3
 phosphate
2.3
Structure of a kidney
The kidney
consist of a dark
brownish cortex
followed by bright
colored medulla
in the middle. The
filtrate is passed
on to pelvis and
then to ureter
 Nephron
Kidney contains special
microscopic tubules which help in
filtration of blood. These tubules
are called as nephrons. It’s half is
present in the cortex and the
other half goes down into the
medulla.
Structure of nephron
 Function of the parts of
nephron
Bowman's capsule
It is a capsule type structure which protects
glomerulus. Here is where the proteins are
separated from blood by basement
membrane.
Glomerulus
It is a ball of blood capillaries which carries on
the process of ultrafiltration
Collecting duct
Final urine from many nephron is collected
here and then send to pelvis
Loop of Henle
A U-shaped loop that runs down into the
medulla separating two coiled tubules.
 Location of filtration of various
substances

Substances Location
Protein Glomerulus
Glucose Proximal of first coiled
tubule
Water Distil of first coiled
tubule, collecting duct
 ULTRAFILTRATION

A process of separating large

molecules with small ones between
glomerulus and bowman’s capsule
through basement membrane.
 Basement membrane is partially
permeable i.e. it stops big molecules
such as protein and let small
molecules such as water to pass
through
 The filtrate obtain is called as
glomerural filtrate
 Kidneys produce about 125cm^3 of
glomerural filtrate every minute !