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  Quran

     14th century cover
ë

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rof Dr. uhammad Shohayeb
Department of
ology
Faculty of Scence
Taf Unversty
Hstorcal background
* Scentsts at that tme of prophet (
UH) beleved
that man was created from menstrual blood
* Untl the 18th century there were two theores:

1- t was assumed by
rstotle that a full dwarf
embryo exsts n man's semen
2- full dwarf embryo created out of the woman s
menstrual blood coagulaton
*
The dwarf embryo as magned
by eonardo da Vnc from the 15th
century (on the left)
*
The sperm as mnature human beng by
Hartsoeker from the 17th century (on the
rght)
* n 1775 Spallanzan suggested that man s
sperm and woman s ovum partcpate n the
creaton of the embryo.
* n 1783, Van
eneden was able to confrm
ths statement, and thus the dea of the
dwarf embryo had been dscarded
 The Qur an
The Qur'an s the dvne gudance for
manknd, and t s the fnal dvne revelaton
of od. The Qur'an was revealed to
uhammad (570 - 632) by the angel abrel
over a perod of 23 years.
 Ths manuscrpt, held by the uslm
oard of Uzbekstan, s the earlest
exstent wrtten verson of the Quran. t s the defntve verson, known as

(UëSCXX.
. (UëSC
ëmbryology n the Holy Qura n
„ %('%&#$X |  ! "      |  X
® hat s the matter wth you, that ye are not conscous of
llah s
majesty,-- Seeng that t s He that has created you n dverse stages"
majesty,
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 Testcles and Sperms
 he testcles, begn ther development near the kdney.
ater they descend before brth to reach the scrotum
through the ngunal canal.
 Testcles form The mans flud (semen 
- Semen contans hundred mllon sperms (500(500--600).
- Sperms should gushng n order to enter through the vagna
and uterne cervx
- nly one sperm fertlzes the ovum of woman.
- The sperm and not the ovum decdes the sex of the embryo
 ëmbryology n the Holy
Qura n
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n
rabc means ®very lttle water


mshaj

means ®mnglng
as man s water mngles wth that of the
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woman


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Testcles and ovares are created from cells underneath the
kdneys at the back and then go down to the lower
abdomen at the last weeks of pregnancy
 eek 5 ëmbryo
The gental rdges have begun to form adjacent to the developng kdneys.
The two rdges, also known as gonads, wll turn nto ether testes or
ovares.
t ths tme and untl the seventh week, the gental rdge s
smlar n both males and females.
 eek 6
rmtve germ cells, whch wll later become ether sperm or eggs cells,
mgrate from the embryo's yolk sac to the gental rdge. Here, they are
ncorporated nto the prmary sex cords. The prmary sex cords are
fngerlke projectons that have formed over the prevous week.
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The sperm determnes the sex of embryo
* The sperm contans 23 chromosomes. ne of them s the sex
chromosome whch s ether () or (X), whle the chromosome n the
ovum s always (X).
* The sex of the embryo s determned by the sperm (the male), rather
than the ovum (the female). hen a sperm carres chromosome type
() mngles wth an ovum (X), the formed zygote wll be male (X),
whereas the embryo wll be female (XX) f the sperm (X) mngles wth
an (X) ovum
ovum
Sex chromososes
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45--46 46), ),
Clngng of embryo n the uterus
* Ths starts on the 15th day and ends on the
23rd or 24th day, the embryo looks lke a
leech.
lood s formed n the vessels at the
shape of closed slands, havng the mage of
clotted blood.
* Four cell embryo* Two cell embryo *Fertlzed ovum
 The zygote dvdes quckly wthout a change n sze and move from the
Fallopan Tube (connectng the ovary and the uterus) towards the uterus,

where t s mplanted.
Qura nc descrpton of ths stage
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-,, n
rabc, has several meanngs:

-
1-
leech that lves n ponds and sucks the blood of other creatures.
2-
thng attached or clngs to somethng else.

3- Clotted or coagulated blood.

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Fg 1: leech lke embrryo Fg 2: embryo clngng to uterus Fg 3: slands of blood

vessels
vessels
The leech as t appears on the uterne surface
 udgha Stage
Scentfcally the embryo s transformed from the stage of - to the stage
of 
 on the 24
24th
th day to the 26
26th
th day.

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Fve weeks human embryo whch looks lke a pece of a chewed gum

Stage of bones
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Untl very recently, embryologsts assumed that the bones and muscles
n an embryo develope at the same tme. et, advanced mcroscopc
research has revealed that frst, the cartlage tssue of the embryo
ossfes. Then muscular cells that are selected from amongst the tssue
around the bones come together and wrap around the bones
 ëmbryo stage and Foetus stage
Scentfc facts:

y the end of the 8th week, a new stage starts. The rate of
developng accelerates compared wth the prevous one.
-
etween the 9th and 12th week, the embryo starts to
transform nto another creature, as the szes of head, body
and lmbs start to be balanced and regular.
-
y the 16th week , t becomes a Foetus.

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nd clothed the bones wth flesh; then e
developed out of t another creature. creature. So blessed be

llah, the best to create.
(23 (23:: 14 14))
ëmbryonc stage
Themage of embryo does not look lke humans

* Foetus stage another creature ) 16

16th
th week ( 112 days)
ëyebrows, eyelashes and fne har appear. The foetus can grasp wth hs
hands, kck, or even somersault. here the unborn baby s suckng hs thumb
Sense of hearng and sght
The sense of hearng develops after ), The
The fetus can respond to
sound from both nsde and outsde the uterus

The sense of sght develops later after )/ The

The eyes of the 

become partally open and can perceve lght.

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rotecton of the embryo and Foetus

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  (3939::6).
1- The amnon membrane whch contans a flud
encompassng the foetus.
2- The choron membrane.

3- The decdua membrane.

   

  

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 abour, and delvery
Ths s comprsed of 4 stages:

1- Stage of dlataton of cervx and contracton of uterus muscle. Ths

stage takes about 7-7-12 hours
2- Stage of delverng the foetus. Ths stage takes about 30-
30-50 mnutes,
and starts after enough dlataton of cervx.
s a result of consequent
uterus contractons, foetus head starts to emerge frst. t s strkng that
the dameter of foetus head may exceed 12 cm., .e., normally trple the
dameter of vagnal canal.
3- Stage of placenta emergence and the formaton of blood clot behnd
the placenta. Ths stage lasts about 15 mnutes.
4- Stage of uterus contracton. Ths s to allevate the bleedng after
delvery process, and contnues for about two hours.
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(80
80:: 20
20).
).
 Concluson
* t s evdent that these Quranc verses gve an accurate descrpton of
the man stages the embryo encounters durng creaton and formaton
untl delvery.
* t s notced that these changes concde wth the remarks of modern
embryology, and truly expresses the external phenomena of changes
that result from the nternal changes.
* Ths proves the mraculous nature of the Quran, whch cannot be
revealed except from the
lmghty
llah
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®Soon wll e show them our sgns n the furthest

horzons, and n ther selves, untl t becomes
manfest to them that ths s the Truth
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 Thank you for your attenton and may

llah gude us to what pleases Hm

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