Book

Power Electronics
By Muhammad H Rashid.
What is POWER ELECTRON CS
m t combines Power, Electronics and
Control.
mPOWER deals with the static and
rotating power equipment.
mCONTROL deals with the steady-
state and dynamic characteristics of
the system.
mELECTRON CS deals with the solid
state devices and circuits.
 These can be
implemented by Example: Base of the transistor
Suppose
simple a DC motor is to be operated atcan
electronics a variable speed
be fed with
to meet the industry requirement. A variable DCsignals.
different power
supply is required for it, which can be meet as follows.

DC
Vb
Case 1 : Constant dc voltage SUPPLY

Highest
t speed
Vb Power
Case 2 : Ton >Toff transistor

Medium
t speed
Vb
Case 3 : Ton <Toff

Variable
Lowest speed DC
t speed motor
 _uestion

_.1.1 What is ƝPower Electronicsƞ? Explain

with an example.
 Modern Power
Electronics uses
two things :

Power semiconductor Microcontrollers /

devices that can be microelectronics that
regarded as the can be regarded as
muscle the brain
Modern Power
Semiconductor
Devices has two
aspects :

Can handle much

High switching
more power
speed
 Power semiconductor
Devices
Different types of Thyristors:
m Forced commutated
Different types of devices:
m Power Diode m Line commutated

m Thyristors m Phase controlled Thyristors (Silicon

controlled rectifier) SCR
m Power bipolar transistors, BJT
m Bidirectional Triode thyristors TR AC
m Power MOSFET
m
ate Turn Off
TO
m nsulated gate bipolar transistors
BT
m Reverse conducting thyristors RCT
m Static nduction Transistors S T
Different types of Diodes: m Static nduction Thyristor S TH
m
eneral purpose m
ate assisted Turn Off Thyristor
ATT
m High speed (fast recovery) m Light Activated Silicon Controlled
m Schottky Rectifier LASCR
m MOS controlled Thyristor MCT
m MoreƦ..
 Symbols &
Characteristics

Diode D

D
A K

VAK

VAK
 Symbols &
Characteristics

Thyristor A

A
A K

VAK

VAK
 Symbols &
Characteristics

A
A K
S TH

D

A K

TO
VAK

A K
MCT

 Symbols &
Characteristics
D

A
A K
TR AC
VAK


 Symbols &
Characteristics

LASCR A

A
A K

VAK


 _uestion
_.1.2. Draw and explain (i) the symbols and (ii) -V
characteristics of the following.
m Power diode
m Thyristor
m Static nduction Thyristor, S TH
m
ate Turn Off Thyristor,
TO
m MOS-controlled Thyristor, MCT
m TR AC
m Light Activated Silicon Controlled Rectifier, LASCR
 Symbols &
Characteristics
C
BJT (npn) C
>
Bn 

Bn

B
B1

VCE

E
 Symbols &
Characteristics
C

BT C
V
n > V±
C V
n

V
1
VT

VCE

E
 Symbols &
Characteristics
D

MOSFET D
V
n > V±
D V
Sn

V
S1

V
S0

VDS

S
 Symbols &
Characteristics
D
D
ST V
S1 < V±

V
S= 0V

V
S1


V
Sn

VDS

S
 _uestion
_.1.3. Draw and explain (i) the symbols and (ii) -V characteristics
of the following.
m Power BJT
m nsulated
ate Bipolar Transistor,
BT
m Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor, MOSFET
m Static nduction Transistor, S T
 Control
Current Characteristics
will start flowing
of Power Devices
immediately after the
supply voltage is Vapplied
O
A and we do
K not have any

+ control over
+ it.
Uncontrolled turn on
R
and off
VS Power diode
V O is aV S

uncontrolled device
- t
-
 Control Characteristics
Thyristor does notof Power
conduct Devices
unless
the gate
is+fired / triggered.
Vgk
A K Vgk
-
+ +
Controlled
Once fired, it will
turn on and
Uncontrolled
continue conduction till turn off
R
the anode voltage is
VS VO t
higher than the cathode
VO
voltage.

- -
VS

t
 Do Conduction
notConduction
conductConduction
starts
unless
stops

andtheifcontinues
may
gate
gateagain
is
is fired
start
by if gate
fired
once/ triggered.
gate
negative
is is
fired
fired.
pulse.
by positive pulse.
A K Vgk
S TH


+
Vgk
A K

TO Controlled
-
+
turn on and t
+
turn off
V O

A K
MCT R
VS VO VS


t

- -
 VBE

C
E
-
+ +

V
Controlled
BE

R
turn on and t

VS
+
V
turn off
V
O
O

VS
- -
t
D MOSFET S

V
E

BT
C E
- t
+ + VO

VgE
R
+
VS VS
VO


t

- -
_uestion
_.1.4. Explain the control mechanism of
the following Power Devices by
drawing (i) circuit diagram and (ii)
voltage vs time characteristics.
m Thyristor
m
TO
m Power Transistor
m
BT
m MOSFET
 Classification of Power Semiconductor Switching Devices:
Based on Triggering technique.

Turn-on Turn-off Trigger Example

Uncontrolled Uncontrolled - Power Diode

Controlled Uncontrolled Pulse SCR, Thyristor

Controlled Controlled Pulse SITH, GTO, MCT

Controlled Controlled Continuous BJT, IGBT, SIT

_.1.5. Draw proper circuit diagram and V-t characteristics to
explain the following switching operation.

Turn-on Turn-off Trigger

Uncontrolled Uncontrolled -

Controlled Uncontrolled Pulse

Controlled Controlled Pulse

Controlled Controlled Continuous

 Classification of Power Semiconductor Switching Devices:
Based on Operating Voltage & Current

Unipolar Voltage BJT, MOSFET, IGBT, GTO

Bipolar Voltage SCR, GTO, Thyristor

Unidirectional
SCR, GTO, BJT, IGBT
Current

Bidirectional
TRIAC, RCT
Current
 Types of Power Electronics Circuits :
m Diode rectifiers (Uncontrolled rectifier )
m ac-dc converters ( Controlled rectifiers)
m ac-ac converters ( ac voltage controllers )
m dc-dc converters ( dc choppers )
m dc-ac converters ( nverters )
m Static Switches.
About the Instructor
‡ Professor Dr. Muhammad Abdul Goffar Khan
‡ SSC from Bogra Zilla School in 1975.
‡ HSC from Bogra A H Govt college in 1977, 12th
place.
‡ BSc Engg from Rajshahi Engineering College in
1981, 3rd place.
‡ MSc Engg from BUET in 1987.
‡ PhD from Indian Institute Of Technology,
Kanpur, India in1997, with specialization in HV
engineering.
‡ Have 25 years of teaching experience in both
UG and PG level.
‡ Have 35 publications including two books.
‡ Field of interests are HV, Optoelectronics,
Optical fiber design, PC based Instrumentation,
Microcontroller, Power Electronics, Control
Systems and many more.