PLAGIARISME

KARYA ILMIAH

KOPERTIS WIL.IV

RONI KASTAMAN
PELANGGARAN ETIKA
Plagiat
Falsifikasi
Fabrikasi
 PLAGIARISME
Plagiarisme (kata benda) menurut istilah
dalam kamus Oxford Dictionaries
(Oxford University Press, 2013), adalah
“semua praktek yang intinya adalah
mengambil pekerjaan atau karya orang lain
atau ide-ide orang lain tanpa memberi tahu
atau menginformasikan pemiliknya, yang
diakui sebagai miliknya sendiri”.
Sumber : Oxford University Press. 2013. Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved from :
http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/plagiarism?q=plagiarism
Menurut Collin (2003),
Plagiarisme adalah bentuk
penyalinan karya orang lain,
yang kemudian dinyatakan
sebagai karya sendiri
Collin, Peter. 2003. Easier English Student Dictionary. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. 38 Soho
Square London W1D 3HB
AUTO PLAGIAT (SELF PLAGIARISM)
Auto plagiat (Self-Plagiarism) didefinisikan sebagai
plagiarisme dalam bentuk yang lain, yang dilakukan oleh
seorang penulis yang menulis kembali karyanya, baik
secara keseluruhan maupun menggunakan kembali
beberapa bagian dari tulisannya, yang pernah ditulis
sebelumnya, untuk kemudian dijadikan sebagai sebuah
karya yang baru (iParadigm. 2011)
_____________________
iParadigm. 2011. White Paper. The Ethics of Self Plagiarism. 1111 Broadway, 3rd
Floor Oakland, CA 94607. retrieved from :
http://www.ithenticate.com/Portals/92785/media/ith-selfplagiarism-whitepaper.pdf
FALSIFIKASI
Asal kata False
Falsifikasi : proses mengubah
suatu karya ilmiah yang salah
sedemikian rupa menjadi
terlihat benar
FABRIKASI
Proses merakit sebuah karya
dengan kaidah dan data yang tidak
benar menjadi terlihat benar
Tidak ada penyampaian sumber
data yang dikumpulkannya untuk
dirakit menjadi karya ilmiah
tersebut
CONTOH KASUS
Hasil review proposal
penelitian yang diajukan
di salah satu Lembaga
Riset dari salah seorang
penilai menunjukkan
bahwa 7 dari 11 proposal http://www.iconarchive.com/tag/sad

yang dievaluasi terindikasi

plagiat (63,6%)
 KASUS LAIN
Paper yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa karena
waktu terbatas, mudahnya adalah copy paste
dari internet
Hibah kompetitif dengan dana besar
menggiurkan, namun kemampuan terbatas,
mudahnya mengambil disertasi atau laporan
riset dari laporan orang lain
Nyontek ide, tambal sulam (fabrikasi), jadi
seolah ide sendiri
Dalam WIPO, setiap pengajuan patent ada
refrensi nya dari mana asal muasal ide itu
berasal
 CARA MENGHINDARI PLAGIAT
Dalam tutorial Cardiff University (2007) disebutkan
beberapa langkah untuk menghindari plagiat
1. Membiasakan diri untuk sering menulis yang baik
2. Bila tidak dapat dihindari untuk mengutip secara langsung dari karya
orang lain, berikan tanda kutip (“.....” ) untuk kata atau kalimat yang
dikutip, kemudian jangan lupa cantumkan sumber kutipan dan
tahunnya. “…. Bla bla bla …” (Dendi, 2013).
3. Buatlah Parapharase (mengganti kalimat asli pengarang dengan kalimat
sendiri) , seperti di atas, jangan lupa mencantumkan sumber
kutipannya.
4. Gunakan pengetahuan yang bersifat umum
5. Hasil kutipan diberi informasi siapa yang dirujuk (nama, tahun) dan
ditulis dalam daftar pustaka (end note) atau pada footnote

Sumber : Cardiff University. 2007. Avoiding Plagiarism. Retrieved from : https:/ilrb.cf.ac.uk/plagiarism/tutorial/

 CONTOH KUTIPAN LANGSUNG
Contoh untuk Gaya Hardvard diberi tanda “....”
LALU Kutip nama pengarang, tanggal atau tahun
publikasi, halaman, dimana kutipan tersebut
dijumpai (Translasi dari :
https:/ilrb.cf.ac.uk/plagiarism/tutorial/)

“Angklung diciptakan oleh seorang seniman

sunda yang tinggal di Kota Bandung” (Agum,
1999, p.1)
Referensi
FOOTNOTE
ENDNOTE
 PARAPHRASE
Cara menghindari kutipan
langsung dengan mengubah
kalimat pengarang dengan
kalimat sendiri, namun dengan
tetap mencantumkan sumber
sitasi dari pengarang aslinya
 BUAT PARAPHRASE DARI KALIMAT
DALAM PARAGRAF SBB

Dari hasil analisis data lapangan diperoleh

informasi sebagai berikut : Rata-rata luas
lahan usaha tani di Kabupaten Karawang
untuk petani pemilik penggarap 1,96 ha
sementara di Indramayu 0,85 ha. Untuk
petani penyakap rata-rata luas lahan usaha
tani di Karawang 1,00 ha dan di Indramayu
0,35 ha. (Kastaman, 2012)
Kastaman, Roni. 2012. Analisis Ekonomi Usaha Tani Padi Sawah, Suatu Refleksi Kesejahteraan Petani Jawa Barat. Jurnal
teknotan Vol.6 Nomor 3. September 2012. ISSN 1978-1067. Fakultas Teknologi Industri Pertanian UNPAD.pp.874
 CONTOH PARAPHRASE - NYA
Hasil penelitian Kastaman (2012)
menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata luas
lahan usaha tani yang dimiliki petani
di Kabupaten Karawang lebih besar
daripada di Indramayu, baik untuk
petani pemilik penggarap maupun
petani penyakap
Kastaman, Roni. 2012. Analisis Ekonomi Usaha Tani Padi Sawah, Suatu Refleksi Kesejahteraan Petani Jawa Barat. Jurnal
teknotan Vol.6 Nomor 3. September 2012. ISSN 1978-1067. Fakultas Teknologi Industri Pertanian UNPAD. Pp.874
PENGETAHUAN YANG BERSIFAT
UMUM

Suatu fakta yang secara umum telah

dikenal luas dan telah menjadi milik
publik (umum ) tanpa dijelaskan asal
usul sumbernya
Contoh :
Produk Hukum
Icon
Simbol dalam Flow Chart
LATIHAN
Berikut adalah contoh latihan untuk menunjukkan
mana plagiat dan mana yang bukan.
Bahan berikut diambil dari sumber :
http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
Untuk memudahkan bagi yang tidak membawa
komputer & modem untuk koneksi internet, apa
yang tertulis dalam situs dipindahkan dalam slide
berikut :
 KASUS 1
 Brown's (1997) final paragraph:
[Barbara]
 During the 1960s the nation put human Brown (1997) argued, “If we
beings into space and eventually sent them declare our intention to send
to the moon and back. History has a man to Mars before 2010,
recorded this effort not only as an we will be affording the
enormous technological achievement but human race the opportunity
also as an example of Americans’ ability to to realize an ancient dream.”
cooperate to achieve a national goal.
Getting to the moon was important, but the Plagiarism ??
real frontier has always been Mars. If we click here for the answer
declare our intention to send a man to
Mars before 2010, we will be affording the
human race the opportunity to realize an
ancient dream. The technology necessary
to accomplish this already exists; all we
need now is the will to go.
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
JAWABAN 1
Example 1 (Barbara):
No, Barbara has not plagiarized.
She has properly quoted the
statement and properly attributed it
to the author.  The attribution style
used here is the most commonly
used style in the sciences.

Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html

 KASUS 2 [Talisha]
 Brown's (1997) final paragraph:
 During the 1960s the nation put human
K.N. Brown stated,
beings into space and eventually sent “If we declare our
them to the moon and back. History intention to send a
has recorded this effort not only as an man to Mars before
enormous technological achievement
2010, we will be
but also as an example of Americans’
ability to cooperate to achieve a affording the human
national goal. Getting to the moon was race the opportunity
important, but the real frontier has to realize an ancient
always been Mars. If we declare our
intention to send a man to Mars before
dream.” (3)
2010, we will be affording the human
race the opportunity to realize an Plagiarism ??
ancient dream. The technology click here for the ans
necessary to accomplish this already
wer
exists; all we need now is the will to go.
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
JAWABAN 2
Example 2 (Talisha):
No, Talisha has not plagiarized. 
Talisha has properly quoted the
statement and properly attributed it to
the author. The attribution used here is
the second type generally used in the
sciences (primarily non-US journals),
which uses a number in brackets which
corresponds to a number in the
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
 KASUS 3 [Vijay]
 Brown's (1997) final paragraph:
 During the 1960s the nation put human
Brown (1997)
beings into space and eventually sent thinks that a
them to the moon and back. History manned Mars
has recorded this effort not only as an
enormous technological achievement mission this
but also as an example of Americans’ decade will give
ability to cooperate to achieve a
national goal. Getting to the moon was people a
important, but the real frontier has worthwhile goal to
always been Mars. If we declare our
intention to send a man to Mars before achieve.
2010, we will be affording the human
race the opportunity to realize an
ancient dream. The technology
Plagiarism??
necessary to accomplish this already click here for the a
Plagiarism
exists; Exercise
all we need now Retrieved from to
is the will http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
go.
JAWABAN 3
Example 3 (Vijay):
No, Vijay has not plagiarized.  The
idea in Vijay’s sentence correctly
reflects Brown’s idea and is properly
attributed to Brown (1997).  No
quotation marks are needed, because
the wording has not been taken
verbatim from Brown.
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
 [Eduardo]
KASUS 4 Brown thinks that
 Brown's (1997) final paragraph:
“[i]f we declare our
 During the 1960s the nation put human intention to send a
beings into space and eventually sent them man to Mars before
to the moon and back. History has
recorded this effort not only as an 2010...,” people
enormous technological achievement but
also as an example of Americans’ ability to
will have a
cooperate to achieve a national goal. worthwhile goal to
Getting to the moon was important, but the
real frontier has always been Mars. If we achieve (3).
declare our intention to send a man to Mars
before 2010, we will be affording the
human race the opportunity to realize an Plagiarism??
ancient dream. The technology necessary
to accomplish this already exists; all we
click here for the an
need now is the will to go. swer
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
JAWABAN 4
Example 4 (Eduardo):
No, Eduardo has not plagiarized.  The
clause taken from Brown’s original
sentence is properly quoted by
Eduardo, and the attribution to Brown
(1997) is correct. A teacher might
disapprove of a Eduardo putting a
verbatim quotation in his paper, but that
would be a different issue from
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
 Maria]
KASUS 5 Brown (1997)
 Brown's (1997) final paragraph: thinks that if we
 During the 1960s the nation put human
declare our
beings into space and eventually sent them
to the moon and back. History has intention to send a
recorded this effort not only as an
enormous technological achievement but
man to Mars
also as an example of Americans’ ability to before 2010,
cooperate to achieve a national goal.
Getting to the moon was important, but the people will have a
real frontier has always been Mars. If we worthwhile goal to
declare our intention to send a man to Mars
before 2010, we will be affording the achieve.
human race the opportunity to realize an
ancient dream. The technology necessary
to accomplish this already exists; all we Plagiarism ??
need now is the will to go.
click here for the
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
JAWABAN 5
Example 5 (Maria):
Yes, Maria has plagiarized. The string
of words "if we declare our intention to
send a man to Mars before 2010"
should be in quotation marks because it
was taken verbatim from Brown's
paper. Again, a teacher might
disapprove of Maria putting a verbatim
quotation in her paper, but that would
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
 [Kevin]
KASUS 6 “If we declare our
 Brown's (1997) final paragraph:
intention to send a
 During the 1960s the nation put human man to Mars
beings into space and eventually sent them before 2010, we
to the moon and back. History has
recorded this effort not only as an will be affording
enormous technological achievement but
also as an example of Americans’ ability to
the human race the
cooperate to achieve a national goal. opportunity to
Getting to the moon was important, but the
real frontier has always been Mars. If we fulfill an ancient
declare our intention to send a man to Mars dream.”
before 2010, we will be affording the
human race the opportunity to realize an
ancient dream. The technology necessary Plagiarism ??
to accomplish this already exists; all we
need now is the will to go.
click here for the ans
wer
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
JAWABAN
Example 6 (Kevin):
Yes, Kevin has plagiarized. Although he has properly used
quotation marks, the violation arises because he did not
indicate the source of the quoted material.  (In other
words, we don’t know that the passage came from Brown,
1997).  However, the quotation marks presumably indicate
Kevin’s intention to give credit, and the lack of attribution
is probably an oversight.  This is generally not a strong
reason to flunk Kevin, but he should still be marked off
and given a strong warning. Avoiding plagiarism requires
careful attention to one's work.

Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html

 [Amanda]
KASUS 7 If we declare our
 Brown's (1997) final paragraph: intention to send a
 During the 1960s the nation put human
beings into space and eventually sent them
man to Mars
to the moon and back. History has before 2010, we
recorded this effort not only as an
enormous technological achievement but will be affording
also as an example of Americans’ ability to the human race the
cooperate to achieve a national goal.
Getting to the moon was important, but the opportunity to
real frontier has always been Mars. If we
declare our intention to send a man to Mars
fulfill an ancient
before 2010, we will be affording the dream.
human race the opportunity to realize an
ancient dream. The technology necessary
to accomplish this already exists; all we Plagiarism ??
need now is the will to go.
click here for the a
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
JAWABAN 7
 Example 7 (Amanda):
Yes, Amanda has plagiarized. In fact, this is
flagrant plagiarism. Amanda has lifted an
entire sentence from Brown (1997), and did
not enclose it in quotation marks nor give
Brown credit. We must assume that
Amanda intends us to think that the words
and ideas are hers. The severest punishment
should be administered for flagrant,
deliberate plagiarism (see the pertinent
pages of the Georgia State Undergraduate
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
 KASUS 8 [Melanie]
 Brown's (1997) final paragraph:
 During the 1960s the nation put human
A manned Mars
beings into space and eventually sent them mission this
to the moon and back. History has
recorded this effort not only as an decade will give
enormous technological achievement but
also as an example of Americans’ ability to
people a
cooperate to achieve a national goal.
Getting to the moon was important, but the
worthwhile goal
real frontier has always been Mars. If we to achieve.
declare our intention to send a man to Mars
before 2010, we will be affording the
human race the opportunity to realize an
ancient dream. The technology necessary Plagiarism ??
to accomplish this already exists; all we
need now is the will to go.
click here for the
answer
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
JAWABAN 8
Example 8 (Melanie):
Yes, Melanie has plagiarized because she did not
give Brown credit for ideas.  This is a common
infraction and one that many students (maybe most
people) don’t understand and don’t agree with.  No
quotation marks are necessary, but all the ideas in
Melanie’s sentence originated with Brown (1997). 
Brown has basically three concepts in her
paragraph: (1) we should launch a manned mission
to Mars, (2) we should do it within the present
decade, and (3) doing this would give us a great
sense of accomplishment. All three ideas appear in
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
Telusur informasi untuk menghindari
plagiarisme Via On-Line
Contoh pemeriksaan melalui software atau situs on-
line :
www.plagscan.com
www.plagiarisma.net
www.turnitin.com
www.duplichecker.com
www.crossrefme.com
http://searchenginereports.net/articlecheck.aspx
www.copytracker.org
Lain-lain bisa di cari melalui search engine di internet
(google.com, yahoo.com, msn.com, dll.
 CONTOH KASUS
Periksalah apakah tulisan dalam paragraf ini terindikasi plagiat
ataukah tidak ?

 Pada dekomposisi anaerob atas limbah, beberapa organisme anaerobik

bekerja bersama untuk mengkonversi bahan organik dalam limbah dan
menjadikannya hasil akhir yang stabil. Kelompok mikroorganisme pertama
sangat peka pada polimer hidrolyzing organic dan lipid untuk blok bangunan
dasar yang terstruktur seperti asam lemak, monosakarida, asam amino dan
senyawa-senyawa lain yang terkait.

 Bakteri anaerobik kelompok kedua memfermentasikan produk yang

teruraikan oleh kelompok mikroorganisme pertama menjadi asam organik
yang lebih sederhana, yang paling sering adalah asam asetat. Kelompok
mikroorganisme kedua ini dikenal sebagai mikroorganisme non
metanogenik, terdiri atas bakteri anaerobik fakultatif dan obligat yang sering
diidentifikasikan di beberapa literatur sebagai acidogen atau pembentuk
 TELUSURI VIA :
http://google.co.id
Atau via :
http://duplichecker.com
Untuk duplichecker, sensitivitas
telusur tidak sebaik google (database
terbatas dan lebih sensitif untuk yang
berbahasa Inggris)
 LATIHAN
KASUS 1 : How to recognize
plagiarism.doc
Silahkan diperiksa masing-masing termasuk
plagiat yang mana ataukah bukan plagiat pada
lampiran file yang dimaksud

KASUS 2 : Merged_document.pdf
Silahkan periksa mana bentuk kutipan yang
benar, pada file yang dimaksud
 REFERENSI
 Cardiff University. 2007. Avoiding Plagiarism. Retrieved from :
https:/ilrb.cf.ac.uk/plagiarism/tutorial/
 Collin, Peter. 2003. Easier English Student Dictionary. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. 38 Soho
Square London W1D 3HB
 iParadigm. 2011. White Paper. The Ethics of Self Plagiarism. 1111 Broadway, 3rd Floor
Oakland, CA 94607. retrieved from :
http://www.ithenticate.com/Portals/92785/media/ith-selfplagiarism-whitepaper.pdf
 Kastaman, Roni. 2012. Analisis Ekonomi Usaha Tani Padi Sawah, Suatu Refleksi
Kesejahteraan Petani Jawa Barat. Jurnal teknotan Vol.6 Nomor 3. September 2012. ISSN
1978-1067. Fakultas Teknologi Industri Pertanian UNPAD.pp.874
 Oxford University Press. 2013. Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved from :
http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/plagiarism?q=plagiarism
 Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
 http://www.iconarchive.com/tag/sad