Prof Elly
Prof Elly
Implementasi Pelayanan
Kesehatan Dalam
Pengendalian
Peningkatan Insiden
Covid-19
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Kasus pertama dilaporkan pada 31 Desember
2019 di Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei
province China
Data CSSE johns Hopkins University Incident commulative di dunia per Mei 2020
11 Maret 2020
Pandemi
• Community transmission
4
Preparedness for
Health care COVID-19 Health care
system system
India
Korea Selatan
May, 62.938 case (WHO,2020)
May, 10.962 Case (WHO,2020)
Pengalaman 2015 : healthcare-
Problem
facility-associated nosocomial
1. Pembiayaan kesehatan 1,5% Different ...??? transmission can be an important
dari GDP
route of spreading COVID-1 (Kim,
2. STIGMA
et al 2020), membenahi sistem
pelayanan Rumah sakit,
(Patralekha Chetterje, 2020)
Indonesia
....... ??????
Tujuan dari Health care system selama
pandemi COVID-19
memaksimalkan
Memaksimalkanefektivitas
efektivitasdan
danefisiensi
efisiensiSumberdaya
Sumberdayamanusia
manusia
dan
danmaterial
materialpada
padaHealthcare
Health care system
system
https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/2019-novel-coronavirus-infection/health-
professionals/covid-19-pandemic-guidance-health-care-sector.html
Peran pelayanan kesehatan dalam pandemik
Covid-19 (WHO, 2020)
Memutus rantai penularan dari individu ke individu termasuk mengurangi
infeksi sekunder di antara individu yang kontak erat dengan petugas
Konselor
kesehatan, serta mencegah transmisi yang lebih luas, dan mencegah
penyebaran secara nasional
Nursing
Mengidentifikasi, mengisolasi dan merawat pasien sejak awal terkonfirmasi Care
Mengatasi masalah yang belum diketahui mengenai keparahan klinis penyakit, Peneliti
tingkat penularan dan infeksi, pilihan pengobatan, dan mempercepat
pengembangan diagnostik, terapi, dan vaksin
Risk communication Educate and actively communicate with the public through risk
and public engagement communication and community engagement
Case finding, contact Continue active case finding, continue contact tracing where possible,
tracing and especially in newly infected areas, quarantine of contacts, and isolation of
management cases; apply self-initiated isolation for symptomatic individuals
Scenario Respons
Surveillance Adapt existing surveillance systems to monitor disease activity (e.g. through
sentinel sites).
Public health measures Hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, practice social distancing
Infection Prevention and Retrain staff in IPC and clinical management specifically for COVID-19,
Control (IPC) Implement health facilities surge plans.
Laboratory testing If diagnostic capacity is insufficient, implement prioritized testing and
measures that can reduce spread (e.g. isolation), including priority testing of:
• people who are at risk of developing severe disease and vulnerable
populations, who will require hospitalization and advanced care for COVID-19
• symptomatic health workers (including emergency services and non-clinical
staff) regardless of whether they are a contact of a confirmed case (to protect
health workers and reduce the risk of nosocomial transmission)
• the first symptomatic individuals in a closed setting (e.g. schools, long term
living facilities, prisons, hospitals) to quickly identify outbreaks and ensure
containment measures
Scenario Respons
Case management Screen and triage patients at all points of access to the health system; Care
strategy for all suspected and confirmed patients according to disease severity and
acute care needs; Scale up surge plans for health facilities and ad-hoc
community facilities, including enhancement of COVID-19 referral system.
Definisi
Incident
Orang tanpa gejala (OTG)
5% and 80% of
merupakan orang yang kontak
people testing
erat dengan kasus konfirmasi
positive for SARS-
COVID-19 (Kemenkes, 2020)
CoV-2 may be
asymptomatic
Patient no sign and symptom
(WHO,2020)
(CDC, 2020)
Tatalaksana OTG
(Kemenkes, 2020)
Garda terdepan selama pandemik Covid-19 bekerja di semua area pelayanan kesehatan
(pelayanan primer, praktik dokter, rumah sakit rujukan) dalam segala situasi (kelelahan,
kekurangan APD, perolehan stigma) care provider
Individu yang memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan untuk memberikan perawatan yang
dibutuhkan dalam semua fase penyakit Educator
Memotivasi pasien dan keluarga selama pandemic agar tetap semangat untuk
sembuh motivator
Mengembangkan solusi kreatif dan inovatif sebagai alternatif untuk penanggulangan masalah dan
tantangan selama pandemic kolaborator
Samb.....
Berperan dalam meyakinkan, memberi informasi dan mendukung orang-orang di masyarakat yang
ketakutan, khawatir, dan ingin tetap sehat selama pandemic influencer/motivator
Mengatur kelembagaan seperti panti jompo, penjara, tunawisma, dan populasi yang memiliki
keterjangkauan kesehatan yang rendah lainnya untuk memastikan agar semua memahami apa
yang diperlukan untuk menjaga kesehatan mereka agar tetap aman coordinator/edukator
Implikasi dalam Praktik keperawatan
Cao, Y., Li, Q., Chen, J., Guo, X., Miao, C., Yang, H., … Li, L. (2020). Hospital Emergency Management Plan During the
COVID-19 Epidemic. Academic Emergency Medicine, 27(4), 309–311. https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.13951
Centre of Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for
Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings.
Chetterje, P. (2020). Gaps in India’s preparedness for COVID-19 control. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 544.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30300-5
Huang, L., Lin, G., Tang, L., Yu, L., & Zhou, Z. (2020). Special attention to nurses’ protection during the COVID-19
epidemic.
Jackson D, Bradbury-Jones C, Baptiste D, et al. Life in the pandemic: Some reflections on nursing in the context of
COVID-19. J Clin Nurs. 2020;00:1–3. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15257
World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 72.
Kim, Y. J., Jeong, Y. J., Kim, S. H., Kim, Y. J., Lee, S. Y., Kim, T. Y., … Ahn, J. H. (2020).
Preparedness for COVID-19 infection prevention in Korea: Single-center experience. Journal of
Hospital Infection, (xxxx), 18–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.018
Jhon Hopskin CSSE
Kementerian kesehatan RI,2020
NANDA. (2014). Nursing Diagnoses: definitions and classification 2015-2017 (tenth edit). Wiley
Blackwell.
Polk, L. V., & Green, P. M. (2007). Contamination: nursing diagnoses with outcome and intervention
linkages. International Journal of Nursing Terminologies and Classifications : The Official
Journal of NANDA International, 18(2), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744 618X.2007.00048.x
World Health Organization. (2020). Critical preparedness, readiness and response actions for COVID-
19: interim guidance, 22 March 2020 (No. WHO/2019-nCoV/Community_Actions/2020.3). World
Health Organization.