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1. A female client is admitted with a diagnosis of acute
renal failure. She is awake, alert, oriented, and
complaining of severe back pain, nausea and
vomiting and abdominal cramps. Her vital signs
are blood pressure 100/70 mm Hg, pulse 110,
respirations 30, and oral temperature 100.4°F
(38°C). Her electrolytes are sodium 120 mEq/L,
potassium 5.2 mEq/L; her urinary output for the
first 8 hours is 50 ml. The client is displaying signs
of which electrolyte imbalance?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hyperphosphatemia
D. Hypercalcemia
2. 2. Assessing the laboratory findings, which result
would the nurse most likely expect to find in a
client with chronic renal failure?
A. BUN 10 to 30 mg/dl, potassium 4.0 mEq/L,
creatinine 0.5 to 1.5 mg/dl
B. Decreased serum calcium, blood pH 7.2,
potassium 6.5 mEq/L
C. BUN 15 mg/dl, increased serum calcium,
creatinine l.0 mg/dl
D. BUN 35 to 40 mg/dl, potassium 3.5 mEq/L, pH
7.35, decreased serum calcium
3. Treatment with hemodialysis is ordered for a
client and an external shunt is created. Which
nursing action would be of highest priority with
regard to the external shunt?
A. Heparinize it daily.
B. Avoid taking blood pressure measurements or
blood samples from the affected arm.
C. Change the Silastic tube daily.
D. Instruct the client not to use the affected arm.
4. A 30-year-old homemaker fell asleep
while smoking a cigarette. She
sustained severe burns of the
face,neck, anterior chest, and both
arms and hands. Using the rule of
nines, which is the best estimate of
total body-surface area burned?
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5. Nursing care planning is based on the
knowledge that the first 24-48 hours post-
burn are characterized by:
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6. If a client has severe bums on the upper
torso, which item would be a primary
concern?
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7. A 16-year-old patient involved in a motor
vehicle accident arrives in the ED
unconscious and severely
hypotensive. He¶s suspected to have
several fractures of his pelvis and
legs. Which of the following parenteral
fluids is the best choice for his current
condition?
 
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8. Corticosteroids are potent suppressors
of the body¶s inflammatory
response. Which of the following
conditions or actions do they suppress?
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¬.12. Which drug would be least
effective in lowering a client¶s serum
potassium level?
A. Glucose and insulin
B. Polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
C. Calcium glucomite
D. Aluminum hydroxide
10. A nurse is directed to administer a
hypotonic intravenous solution. Looking
at the following labeled solutions, she
should choose
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11. A patient is hemorrhaging from multiple
trauma sites. The nurse expects that
compensatory mechanisms associated
with hypovolemia would cause all of the
following symptoms EXCEPT
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12. A major goal for the client during the
first 48 hours after a severe bum is to
prevent hypovolemic shock. The best
indicator of adequate fluid balance
during this period is
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A patient has partial-thickness burns to
both legs and portions of his
trunk. Which of the following I.V. fluids
is given first?
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Adequate fluid replacement and
vasopressin replacement are
objectives of therapy for which of
the following disease processes?
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n a follow-up visit after having a vaginal hysterectomy, a 32-year-old patient
has a decreased hematocrit level. Which of the following complications
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