VIn medical context, it is the

moral & inviolable power vested

in him as a person to do, hold or
demand something as his own.

VA right is something mine or

yours, something that belongs
to a person by nature; it is
sometimes but not always.
V`he moral oughtness (or obligation)
to do or omit something in favor of
another according to the demands
of strict justice is known as §

 `

` `
 `

`he patient, as an individual person,

has the moral right to determine
what is good for himself.
V3


 § 

the patient has the right to receive all
necessary information concerning
diagnosis and treatment in order to be
able to give consent based on his/her
value system.
V3


 §§  
Information & understanding are
necessary for genuine deliberation. `he
patient cannot make a moral decision
unless these two important elements are
present.
V3


 §  
It refers to the necessary information a
patient should know about a medical
treatment or experiment so that a moral
choice can be made. `he patient has the
right to be informed about all possible
alternative courses of action to be taken,
together with the possible consequences.
  `
   `

V 0

 
refers to a patient·s capacity for decision
making.
V    
refers to the content of what a patient is
told or informed about during the
consent negotiation .
V 0
 
refers to whether the information given
has been understood.
V ^ 
 
this means that consent must be voluntary.
he/she must make a choice without being
unduly pressured by anyone else.
V3


 



the patient has the right to refuse
treatment to the extent permitted by law
and to be informed of the medical
consequences of his action.
 `` 
` `
 `

u. Patients· rights do not include the right

to be allowed to die.
G. A patient in a moribund condition does
not possess the necessary mental or
emotional stability to make an informed
choice.
Œ.Patients· rights are not absolute.
Paternalistic concern limits the
competent adult patient·s freedom of
choice for his/her own good in order to
prevent harm from befalling that patient.
  `  ``
In actual medical practice in the
Philippines, there are two methods of
obtaining § 

V 

 

which is a consent form to be filled up and
signed by a patient as he/she checks in
for admission in a hospital.
V ^ 

usually made after a physician has briefed
the patient about the medical process to
be undertaken.
In emergency cases, however, the
following types of patients need not
require informed consent, such as:
V Comatose or obtunded patients
V Blind or illiterate patients
V Underaged patients or those unable to
understand the circumstances
V Languagebarrier patients
 `  `
` `
V `he patient has the right to considerate
and respectful care.
V `he patient has the right to obtain from
his physician complete current
information concerning his diagnosis,
treatment and prognosis in terms that the
patient can be reasonably expected to
understand.
V `he patient has the right to receive from
his physician information necessary to
give informed consent prior to the start
of any procedure and/or treatment.
V `he patient has the right to refuse
treatment to the extent permitted by law
and to be informed of the medical
consequences of his action.
V `he patient has the right to refuse to
every consideration of his privacy
concerning his own medical care
program.
V `he patient has the right to expect that all
communications and records pertaining
to his care should be treated as
confidential.
V `he patient has the right to expect that,
within its capacity, the hospital must provide
a reasonable response to his/her request for
services.
V `he patient has the right to obtain
information regarding any relationship of
his hospital to other health care and
educational institutions insofar as his care is
concerned.
V `he patient has the right to be advised if the
hospital proposes to engage in or perform
in human experimentation affecting his/her
care treatment. `he patient has the right to
refuse to participate in such research
projects.
V `he patient has the right to expect
reasonable continuity of care.
V `he patient has the right to examine and
receive explanation of the hospital bill,
regardless of source of payment.
V `he patient has the right to know what
hospital rules and regulations apply to
his/her conduct as a patient.


` `` 
V atural ethics regards the right to
informed consent as morally legitimate.

V Under the principle of stewardship and

the inviolability of life, natural law ethics
seems to be against the patient's right to
refusal of treatment if the latter means an
act of commission and/or an act of
omission which results in selfkilling or
euthanasia
V èant·s ethical principle that we must
always be treated as ends and never only
as means.
V Utilitarianism·s principle of utility
requires health care professionals to
design medical treatment in a way that
minimizes suffering and harm.
V Rawls·s principles of justice do not allow
medical treatments of experiments that
violate freedom which a patient is
entitled to by virtue of being a member
of society