I.

Formal elements of Art

II. Baroque
III. Rococo
IV. Neoclassicism
V. Romanticism
VI. Realism
 Formal elements of Art (8)
• Line • Space
• Color • Texture
• Shape • Proportion
• Form • Scale
 What is Baroque?
• Italy, Spain, France, Netherlands
• From Portuguese “pearl of irregular shape”
(derogatory)
• Described the abnormal, strangeness, extravagance
• Counter Reformation Art- help spread the faith in the
church
• Consolidation of monarchies: wealthier middle class
• Art patronage
• Contemporary with naturalism and classicism
 Baroque Characteristics
• New interest in nature
(Landscapes) • Heavy, specific lighting
• Tenebrism lighting • Backgrounds were
• Realistic, proportional unimportant
figures • More connection to the
• Close up on the active spectator
scene • Missionaries took
• Composition diagonals paintings to other regions
to convert regions to faith
 Baroque by Regions
Italy:
•Style appeared in the 17th
century
•Church responds to the
protestants with the
Counter reformation.
•Council of Trent (1563)
Established rules for
religious art.
•As Catholic Reformation
propaganda, Baroque
images allowed a viewer to
“feel” the sufferings,
ecstasies, and revelations
of saints.
France: Flandes:
•King Louis 14th was the • Beginning of the Art
most influential person. Market (nitch market)
Portraiture, Genre, Still
•He devised an art Life, Landscapes
academy and decides de
rules of good and bad •Control of international
art sea trade
•Made Paris the center •Amsterdam became
of the “world” richest cultural center.
•Moved to Versailles and •Art market patronized
built a palace, made it by rich middle-class
the capital.
•Importance of display
in society
 Baroque (Italy)
•Style appeared in the 17th century

•Church responds to the protestants with the

Counter reformation.

•Council of Trent (1563) Established rules for

religious art.

•As Catholic Reformation propaganda, Baroque

images allowed a viewer to “feel” the sufferings,
ecstasies, and revelations of saints.
Lazaro Pardode
Title: The fransiscan
martyrs
Artist: Lazaro Pardo
Medium: Oil on canvas
Date: 1630

Was used to convert

people into religion
during Counter-reform.

Was considered the

ultimate sacrifice for
your faith.
Artemisia Gentileschi
Title: Susanna and the Elders
Artist: Artemisia Gentileschi
Medium: Oil on canvas
Date: 1610

Made by the first woman

painter in the scene.

Is taking inspiration from

Caravaggio

Artemisia was invited into the

School of Venice

It’s a representation of her

own life.
Michelangelo Merisi (Caravaggio)
Title: Cruxifiction of St. Peter
Medium: Oil
Date: 1601

Close up and dramatic lighting

The background is unimportant
Caravaggio
Crucifixion of St. Peter
Oil
1601
Francesco Borromini
Title: interior of
the dome at
S.Carlo alle
Quattro Fontane

Artist: Francesco
Borromini

Medium:
Architecture

Date: 1638

“There is no
such thing as
straight lines”
Gianlorenzo Bernini
Title: Ecstasy of St.
Theresa
Artist: Bernini
Medium: Marble sculpture

Date: 1647

Composed of mixed
mediums

Interpretation of a memoir
written by a spanish
mystic 80 years earlier
 Baroque (France)
• •King Louis 14th was the most influential person.

• •He devised an art academy and decides de rules of good

and bad art

• •Made Paris the center of the “world”

• •Moved to Versailles and built a palace, made it the capital.

• •Importance of display in society

Nicolas Poussin

Title: Baptism
Artist: Nicolas Poussin
Date: 1658
Medium: Oil on Canvas

The landscape is the

Countryside of Rome

Poussin is the most

famous painter of his
time.
Pierre Patel
Title: View of the
Chateau of Versailles

Artist: Pierre Patel

Medium: Oil on canvas
Date: 1688
 Baroque (Flandes)
• • Beginning of the Art Market (nitch market)
• Portraiture, Genre, Still Life, Landscapes

• •Control of international sea trade

• •Amsterdam became richest cultural center.

• •Art market patronized by rich middle-class

Rembrandt
Title: The Jewish Bride
Artist: Rembrandt
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Date: 1665

Rembrandt used himself

as a model.

Wedding portrait for a

Jewish couple posing as
the biblical Isaac and
Rebecca.
Johannes Vermeer
Title: The milkmaid
Artist: Johannes Vermeer
Medium: Oil on canvas
Date: 1660

Artist used a projecting device

Spanish Baroque
Title: Las Menninas
Artist: Diego Velazquez
Medium: Oil on canvas
Date: 1656

The artist painted himself in the

picture. He also painted the works of
master artists as a background setting.
 What is the Rococo?
• Rococo comes from “rocaille” (Rock Work)
• Early 18th century France
• Evolved from Baroque into “The Era of
Enlightenment”
• Science replaced religion
• End of Louis XIV reign.
• Industrial Revolution- facilitated work.
• Representation of aristocracy
 Rococo Characteristics

• Elegant
• Soft edges and color • Fanciful Figures
• Idealized • Extreme Highlights
• Pastel colors • Dynamic
• Curving forms Compositions
• Attention to detail
Dogon Carver(Africa)
• Title: Seated Couple
• Period: African/Dogan culture
• Date: 16th-19th centuries
• Medium: wood and metal
• Significance: This sculpture gives
eloquent expression to the shared
and symmetrical responsibilities of
men and women in Dogon society.
Shitoa(China/Quing)
• Title: Man in a house on a
mountain
• Period: China/Quing
Dynasty
• Date: c.1700
• Medium: Ink and colours
on paper.
• Significance:
Antoine Watteau(France)
• Title: Gilles
• Period: Rococo
• Date: 1716-18
• Medium: Oil on Canvas
• Significance: The fete galante, a
small easel painting in which
elegant people are depicted in
conversation or music-making in a
secluded parkland setting
Jean-Simeon Chardin(France)
• Title: The Copper Fountain
• Period: Rococo
• Date: 1734
• Medium: oil on canvas
• Significance: Chose objects of
everyday life, and really showed
unique technique.
William Hogarth(France)
• Title: A Rake’s Progress
• Period: Rococo
• Date: 1735
• Medium: etching and engraving
on paper.
• A series shows the decline and fall
of Tom Rakewell
Khushala(India)
• Title: Radha Pining in the
wilderness
• Period: India/Punjab Hills
• Date: c. 1780
• Medium: Ink and Opaque
watercolour on paper.
• Significance: king and queen who
dance in Vrndavana forest, may
the desires of a person who
repeatedly recites this Karpanya-
panjika become fulfilled.
What is Neoclassicism?
Ettienne-Maurice Falconet
• Title: Peter the great
• Period: Neoclassicism
• Date: 1766-78
• Medium: Bronze on a base of red
granite
• Significance: statue is now one of
the symbols of Saint Petersburg, in
much the same way that the
Statue of Liberty
Antonio Canova
• Title: Cupid and Psych
• Period: Neoclassicism
• Date: 1797
• Medium: marble
• Significance: In a book known as
“The Golden Ass” To show a
meaning of Love.
Jacques-Louis David
• Title: The oath of the Horatti
• Period: Neoclassicism
• Date: 1784
• Medium: Oil on Canvas
• Significance: The painting
illustrates the three sons of
Horatius swear on their swords,
held by their father, that they will
defend Rome to the death.
Francisco Dan Goya
• Title: This Is What You Were Born
For
• Period: Romanticism
• Date: c. 1810-14
• Medium: Etching
• Significance: Plate XII From the
Disasters of War
William Blake
• Title: The Ancient of Days
• Period: Romanticism
• Date: 1794/1824
• Medium: Etching with Pen and
Brown ink, Water Color and Gold
BodyColour
• Significance: To show god creating
the world we live in today.
Joseph William Mallord Turner
• Title: Snow Storm: Hannibal and
his Army Crossing the Alps
• Period: Romanticism
• Date: 1812
• Medium: Oil on canvas
• Significance: is a fusion of Joseph
Mallord William Turner’s travel
experiences in Europe and the
ancient historical accounts of
Hannibal’s invasion of Italy in 218
B.C.
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
• Title: Madame Riviere
• Period: Neoclassicism
• Date: 1806
• Medium: oil on canvas
• Significance: This dress appears to
be a combination of white satin
and transparent white net. The
veil is also of transparent net, a
not uncommon headdress for
portraits which showed off the
painter's amazing realism.
Christoffer Eckersberg
• Title: Standing Female Nude
• Period: Neoclassicism
• Date: 1837
• Medium: Oil on Canvas
• Significance:
Theodore Gericault
• Title: Charging Chausseur
• Period: Romanticism
• Date: 1812
• Medium: Oil on Canvas
• Significance:
Honore Daumier
• Title: Rue Transnonain
• Period: Realism
• Date: 1834
• Medium: Lithograph
• Significance: to show the brutality
of the French government while
dealing with the working class,
dedicating much of his life and art
to social realism.
Nicephore Niepce
• Title: View From a window at Le
Gras
• Period: French Photography
• Date: 1826
• Medium: tinplate
• Significance: was the first
successful permanent
photograph.
Adolphe Menzel
• Title: The Balcony Room
• Period: Realism
• Date: 1845
• Medium: Oil on cardboard
• Significance: It is spare, light,
seemingly un-composed,
unevenly finished, spatially
ambiguous, and entirely devoid of
any sort of moral, religious,
historical, allegorical, or narrative
content.
William Holman Hunt
• Title: The Awakening Conscience
• Period: Pre-raphaelite
• Date: 1853
• Medium: Oil on Canvas
• Significance: The Awakening
Conscience is a fine example of
popular Victorian painting. It tells
a story.
Gustave Courbet
• Title: The Grain Sifters
• Period: Realism
• Date: 1855
• Medium: Oil on canvas
• Significance:
Akatie Akpele Kendo
• Title: Agoje! (Gu, the war-God)
• Period: Africa/Dahomey Kingdom
• Date: 1859
• Medium: Iron
• Significance: Seems to echo the
look of the Plaster of the plaster
saints that adorned there chapels.
Edouard Manet
• Title: Le Dejeuner sur
l’herbe
• Period: Realism
• Date: 1863
• Medium: Oil on Canvas
• Significance: Show the
active spirit of
independence in
impressionism