Minyak Bumi

Kimia Organik

Pertemuan 3
30 September 2020

Organic Chemistry Chemical Engineering Oil and Gas Academy Balongan 2020
 AKAMIGAS BALONGAN 2018/2019

Fuels and Alkana

Petroleum is a complex mixture of compounds, most of which

are hydrocarbons containing one to forty carbon atoms.
Organic Chemistry Chemical Engineering Oil and Gas Academy Balongan 2020
Komponen dalam Minyak Bumi
Parafin

Senyawa hidrokarbon jenuh dengan rantai lurus (Alkana

CnH2n+2)
Olefin

Hidrokarbon tak jenuh, ikatan rangkap dua (C nH2n)

Naptena

Hidrokarbon jenuh dengan rantai atom C

tertutup(Siklik)
Aromatik

Senyawa hidrokarbon tidak jenuh dengan satu inti

benzena atau lebih
Organic Chemistry Chemical Engineering Oil and Gas Academy Balongan 2020
Parafin (Alkana)

Organic Chemistry Chemical Engineering Oil and Gas Academy Balongan 2020
 ALKANA
Senyawa
organik miskin gugus fungsi
Umumnya non polar dan tidak reaktif

How to make “alkana” more usefull in

organic synthesis?

Functionalization

Organic Chemistry Chemical Engineering Oil and Gas Academy Balongan 2020
Alkana
Rumus Umum alkana = CnH2n+2
Seluruh atom C tetrahedral dan hibrida sp3 (hanya
ikatan C-C tunggal)
Struktur linear atau bercabang

 Rumus molekul yang sama tetapi struktur berbeda :

isomer struktur
 Cabang pada struktur disebut substituen
Organic Chemistry Chemical Engineering Oil and Gas Academy Balongan 2020
 Primer (1°) carbon atom: memiliki 1 ikatan C dengan C
 Sekunder (2°) C atom: memiliki 2 ikatan C dengan C
 Tersier (3°) C atom: memiliki 3 ikatan C dengan C
 Kuartener (4°) C atom: memiliki 4 ikatan C dengan C

3° 1°

3°

Organic Chemistry Chemical Engineering Oil and Gas Academy Balongan 2020
Latihan

Organic Chemistry Chemical Engineering Oil and Gas Academy Balongan 2020
Struktur

Organic Chemistry Chemical Engineering Oil and Gas Academy Balongan 2020
Properties of Hydrocarbon
Number of Molecular Melting Boiling # of
Name Carbon Atoms Formula Point, oC Point, oC Isomers

Methane 1 CH4 -182.5 -161.5 1

Ethane 2 C2H6 -183.2 -88.6 1

Propane 3 -187.7 -42.1 1

C3H8
Butane 4 -138.3 -0.5 2
C4H10
Pentane 5 -129.7 36.1 3
C5H12
Hexane 6 - 95.3 68.7 5
C6H14
Heptane 7 - 90.6 98.4 9
C7H16
Octane 8 - 56.8 125.7 18
C8H18
Nonane 9 - 53.6 150.8 35
C9H20
Decane 10 - 29.7 174.0 75
C10H22
Organic Chemistry Chemical Engineering Oil and Gas Academy Balongan 2020
 Sifat Alkana
Nonpolar
Massa molekul relatifnya besar → gaya tariknya semakin besar

Senyawa Struktur Mr Titik Didih (°C)

Metana CH4 16 -164
Etana C2H6 30 -88.6
Propana C3H8 44 -42.1
Butana 58 -0.5
C4H10
Pentana 72 +36.0
C5H12
Alkana rantai tunggal :
1 - 4 C atoms: gas pada suhu kamar
5 - 15 C atoms: cair pada suhu kamar
>15 C atoms: padat pada suhu kamar
Organic Chemistry Chemical Engineering Oil and Gas Academy Balongan 2020
 Tatanama Senyawa
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Organic Chemistry Chemical Engineering Oil and Gas Academy Balongan 2020