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Levels of Organization
‡ Cells

‡ Tissues

‡ Organs

‡ Organ Systems

‡ Organisms
Cells
V Are the basic units
of structure and
function in all living
things (unicellular ±
multicellular)

V In the human body,


different cells serve
different functions.

V Examples-
V blood cells, nerve
cells, bone cells.
Tissues

V Are made up of cells that are


similar in structure and
function, and which work
together to perform a specific
activity (eg digestion,
reproduction).

V Humans have 4 basic types of


tissues:
‡ Epithelial tissue
‡ Muscular tissue
‡ Nervous tissue
‡ Connective tissue
Organs

V Are made up of different


tissues that work together
to perform a specific
activity.

V Examples:
heart, brain,
skin.
Organ Systems
V Entire living things that can carry
out all basic life processes, ie they
can take in materials, release
energy from food, release wastes,
grow, respond to the environment,
and reproduce.

V Usually, an organism is made up


of organ systems, but some
organisms may be made up of
only one cell such as bacteria,
yeast, and paramecium.

V More examples of living


organisms -mushrooms, apple
trees, elephants, whales, human
beings.
Organ Systems
V Groups of two or more tissues that
work together to perform a specific
function for the organism.

V Examples - circulatory system,


nervous system, skeletal system, etc.

V The Human body consists of the


following organ systems:

‡ Integumentary
‡ Digestive
‡ Respiratory
‡ Urinary (excretory)
‡ Circulatory (CV)
‡ Lymphatic
‡ Endocrine
‡ Reproductive
‡ Immune
‡ Nervous
‡ Muscular
‡ Skeletal system.
An Overview of Some of
the Human Organ Systems

‡ Integumentary System
‡ Skeletal System
‡ Endocrine System
‡ Cardiovascular System
‡ Digestive System
‡ Muscular System
‡ Nervous System
‡ Urinary System
Integumentary System

‡ 
skin. hair, nails,
sweat glands,
sebaceous
(= oil) glands

‡ 
Protection,
regulation of body
temperature,
synthesis of
vitamin D.
Skeletal System

‡ 
bones, cartilage.

‡ 
Support, protection,
movement,
storing Calcium,
production of blood
cells
(= m  
Endocrine System

‡  ‡ For You To Do:


Endocrine glands that
secrete hormones
Search the Internet
(Google) to find
‡ 
Maintenance of a clear, colored Figure
homeostasis that represents this
system.
Cardiovascular System

‡  !" ‡ For You To Do:


Heart, blood vessels
Search the Internet
‡  (Google) to find
Transport of nutrients, a clear, colored Figure
wastes, O2 and CO2 that represents this
system.
Digestive System

‡  !"
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, small and large
intestine, salivary glands,
liver, pancreas, gall
bladder

‡ 
Breakdown of food into
substance that can be
absorbed (for energy)
Muscular System
* Consists of all the muscles of
the body. The three types of
muscles are: cardiac, smooth,
and skeletal.


* Enables movement.
* Produces heat.
Nervous System
‡

Regulates the body's
responses (internal and
external.)
‡ #"$%
brain, spinal cord, cranial and
spinal nerves, and sensory
receptors.
‡ 
1. Enables rapid perception and
interpretation of the
environment.
2. Coordinates responses to
stimuli.
3. The human brain is
responsible for the intelligence,
will, self awareness, and
emotions, all of which are
characteristic of humans.
p  

‡ It eliminates
water, urea,
and other waste
products from
the body in the
form of urine.

It is often
referred to as
#&!
!".
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