MAGNETO HYDRODYNAMIC

GENERATORS

PRESENTED BY
NITHIN GOPAL
C 1 . Introduction

O 2 . Brief Story

N 3 . Principles Behind
T 4 . Construction
E 5 . Working
N 6 . Classifications
T 6 . M.H.D Systems
S 7 . Merits and Demerits
8 . Applications
9 . Contents taken from…
INTRODUCTION
 Energy produced from the conventional
methods is not sufficient for the daily use because
of energy crisis is on its maximum level.
So , more energy must be produced by non
conventional methods of energy production.
Magneto hydro dynamics is dynamics of
electrically-conducting fluids and their interactions
with magnetic field.
M.H.D generator is a new non conventional
power generation system which has high efficiency
and low pollution.
BRIEF STORY
o It was Michael Faraday who first discussed
about M.H.D generators in 1832.
o First international conference on M.H.D power
in1962.
o First M.H.D generator was found in 1965.
o At the beginning of 70s,interest in MHD declined
because nuclear power was becoming more widely
available.
o In 1975, UNESCO became persuaded the MHD
might be the most efficient way to utilise world coal
PRINCIPLES BEHIND

The main principles behind

M.H.D generators are:
1. FARADEY’S LAW OF ELECTRO MAGNETIC
INDUCTION.
2.‘LORENTZ FORCE LAW.
FARADAY’S LAW OF ELECTRO MAGNETIC
INDUCTION

When a conductor is placed

in a changing magnetic field ,
an E.M.F is induced in that
conductor.
LORENTZ FORCE LAW

A charged particle moving through a

magnetic field experiences a force that is at
right angles to both the direction in which
the particle is moving and the direction of
the applied field.

F=Q .(v*B)
CONSTRUCTION
Linear MHD channel (front
view):-
Linear MHD channel (side view):-
Wall assembly of the disc MHD
channel:-
Components of disc MHD
generator:-
Components of the ionized seed
injection system:
WORKING
WORKING
Classifications

According to the construction, it can

be classified into four:
1. Faraday generator
2. Hall generator
3. Diagonal generator
4. Disc generator
Faraday generator
Hall generator
Diagonal generator
Disc generator
M.H.D. POWER GENERATING
SYSTEM
An M.H.D power generating
system consists of the following
parts:
1.Heater
2.M.H.D generator
3.Cooler
4.Compressor
Simple block diagram of a M.H.D system
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
M.H.D SYSTEMS
M.H.D systems

Open cycle Closed cycle

system system

Seeded inert Liquid metal

gas system system
Open cycle system

 In open cycle system ,oil or

gasified coal may used as fuel.
 The fuel is burnt in the
combustor and the hot gases from the
combustor is then mixed with a small
amount of an ionized alkali metal
(cesium or potassium) to increase the
electrical conductivity of the gas.
OPEN CYCLE SYSTEM
Closed cycle system
In this system , instead of directly
feeding the burnt gas is into the
generator , a heat exchanger is used to
transfer the heat from combustor to the
generator.
According to the medium used to
transfer the heat, this system is broadly
classified into two.
1. Seeded inert gas system
2. Liquid metal system
Seeded inert gas system

This system uses inert gases as

energy carriers from heat
exchanger to the generator .
Some ionized materials are
seeded into the carrier as in the
open cycle system.
Seeded inert gas system
Liquid metal system

Here the carrier is liquified

metal . Usually Sodium is used as
the working fluid .This directly
induces the E.M.F into the
generator . So no seeding is
needed.
Liquid metal system
MERITS OF M.H.D GENERATORS
 High efficiency as compared to steam power
plants.
 Large amount of power is generated.
 No moving parts .
 Closed cycle produces less pollutants.
 It can be started instantaneously.
 Much smaller sized plant can be used.
 Direct conversion of heat into electricity is
happened.
DEMERITS OF M.H.D
GENERATORS
Since the generator works at very high
temperature, the materials used for the
construction must withstand high
temperature.
Pollution cannot be neglected.
Less efficient than Hydro power
generation.
Seed materials attack the insulation.
APPLICATIONS

o They are used in large scale

power production for industrial and
domestic applications.
o Is used in space applications like
power production in Rockets ,
Space ships etc.
CONTENTS TAKEN
FROM…
Non conventional energy sources-G .D . Rai
www.ehow.com
www.wikipeadia.com
www.electropedia.com
www.buzzle.com
Renewable sources of energy – M.Rrjalingam
THANK YOU