8.a) EMBRIOLOGI DASAR
8.a) EMBRIOLOGI DASAR
Dilepaskan enzim2:
A. Hyaluronidase → penetrasi corona radiata
B. Substansi serupa Tripsin → mencerna zona
pelusida
C. Acrosin → melekatkan permukaan bgn dalam
membran acrosom & menembus zona
pelusida
Acrosome Reaction
1. Reaksi Kortikal & Zona Pelusida:
Granul oosit cortical→ enzim lisosom,akibatnya:
♥ oosit “impenetrable” terhadap sperma lain →
mencegah polispermi
♥ struktur & komposisi zona berubah
Setelah implantasi
Sel stroma endometrium melebar,poligonal → sel
decidual → D. Basalis; D. Capsularis dan D.
Parietalis
Terjadi implantasi di luar uterus → kehamilan ektopik
Ada 3 bentuk kehamilan ektopik yaitu :
Tuba Gestation : implantasi di dalam tuba uterine
Abdominal Gestation: implantasi di rongga perut
Ovarian Gestation: implantasi di dinding ovarium
ZIGOT
MORULA
Trofoblast: EMBRIO
1.Sitotrofoblast
2.Sinsitiotrofoblast Bilaminar germ disc:
1. epiblast
Amnion;plasenta;alantois;korion 2.hipoblast
kantung kunir
Kantung kunir (yolk):
Transfer nutrisi
Tempat pembtkan pembuluh darah( sblm hepar
terbentuk)
Tempat primordia sel germinal (b’migrasi ke gonad
→ sel kelamin
Khorion: respirasi & ekspresi
Alantois: reservoir sisa metabolisme
Plasenta: metabolisme; transportasi & sekresi
endokrin
Menjaga pertumbuhan badan embrio tetap
simetris & bebas bergerak
Mencegah perlekatan dgn dinding amnion
Perlindungan thd benturan dari luar
Menjaga kestabilan suhu badan embrio
Membantu meluaskan jalan lahir
CLEAVAGE: Zigot Blastomer
DIFERENSIASI EMBRIO/ORGANOGENESIS
Gastrulation, the process that establishes all
three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm,
and endoderm) in the embryo.
Gastrulation begins with formation of the
primitive streak on the surface of the
epiblast
Week 3
Primitive streak (groove)
on dorsal surface of
epiblast
Gastrulation:
invagination of epiblast
cells
Days 14-15: they replace
hypoblast becoming
endoderm
Day 16: mesoderm (a
new third layer) formed
in between
Epiblast cells remaining
on surface: ectoderm
Early specialization of cells
Are precursors
Ectoderm and endoderm are epithelial tissue (form
sheets of tissue)
Mesoderm is a mesenchyme tissue
Mesenchyme cells are star shaped and do not
attach to one another, therefore migrate freely
Notochord
• Days 16-18
• Primitive node epiblast
cells invaginate and
migrate anteriorly with
some endoderm cells
• Rod defining the body
axis is formed
• Future site of the
vertebral column
Neurulation
• Notochord signals overlying ectoderm
• Formation begins of spinal cord and brain (neurulation)
• Neural plate to neural groove to neural tube: pinched off into
body
• Closure of neural tube: begins at end of week 3; complete by
end of week 4 (folic acid important for this step)
• Extends cranially (eventually brain) and caudally (spinal cord)
• Neural crest, lateral ectodermal cells, pulled along and form
sensory nerve cells and other structures
• Mesoderm begins to differentiate
– Lateral to notochord, week 3
– Extends cranially and caudally (from head to tail or crown
to rump)
• Division of mesoderm into three regions
– Somites: 40 pairs of body segments (repeating units, like
building blocks) by end week 4
– Intermediate mesoderm: just lateral to somites
– Lateral plate: splits to form coelom (“cavity”)
Divisions of the mesodermal lateral plate
(main difference
between the 3
week embryo
and the adult
body is that the
embryo is still
a flat disc)
24 day
embryro;
protrude
s into
amniotic
cavity
Day 23, beginning
to fold
Lateral folds
will join ventrally
Cylindrical
human body
plan, day 28
(about ½ cm)
Simplified
cross section
through
abdomen of
an adult
(essentially the
same as above)
Major derivatives of the embryonic germ layers
3 month fetus late 5th month
(6 cm) (about 19 cm)
By 8 weeks, about 2
months, all major organs
are in place in at least a
rudimentary form; this is
why drugs early in
pregnancy are so
important to avoid – many
cause birth defects; baby
is a little over 1” long
(below right)
Dimulai bulan ketiga (minggu ke-9) hingga akhir
kehidupan intrauterin (bln ke-9/minggu ke 40)
Ditandai dengan penyempurnaan jaringan dan
organ tubuh serta pertumbuhan tubuh yang
cepat
Panjang janin :
1. Panjang ubun-ubun – pantat (P.U.P)
2. Panjang ubun-ubun – tumit (P.U.T)
3. Pengukuran dari puncak tengkorak s/d tumit
Pertumbuhan panjang : bln ke-3, ke-4 dan
ke-5
Peningkatan BB : 2 bln terakhir
Pertumbuhan kepala yang relatif lebih
lambat dibandingkan bagian lain tubuh
Permulaan bln ke-3 : kepala ± ½ P.U.P
Permulaan bln ke-5 : kepala ± 1/3 P.U.T
Saat lahir : kepala ± ¼ P.U.T