Aplikasi puasa

dalam pendidikan,
kesehatan & olahraga
(Tinjauan neurologi)
Oleh:
dr. Muhammad Isman Jusuf, S.Ked, SpS
NIP.132 319 585
Biodata
 M.Isman Jusuf
 S-1:FK UGM (2001)
Profesi dokter: FK
UGM (2003)
PPDS I.P.Saraf: FK
UGM (2008)
 Dosen FIKK UNG
Penanggung Jawab Medis
UNG Medical centre
LINGKARAN “MALAIKAT”

PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN

OLAHRAGA
PENDIDIKAN
 “Tarbiyah”≈ meningkatkan
 Setiap manusia ada “fitrah”≈ bibit kebaikan
 Bibit tumbuh dan berkembang
PENDIDIKAN
Aspek pendidikan
 KOGNITIF
kemampuan menyerap ilmu
 AFEKTIF
Kemampuan menghayati
 PSIKOMOTOR
Kemampuan melaksanakan

 Butuh KESEHATAN
KESEHATAN
 Sehat Jasmani/fisik
 Sehat Rohani/psikis
 Sehat Sosial

 Butuh OLAHRAGA
OLAHRAGA
 Olahraga Rehabilitatif Fisik
 Olahraga Rekreatif  Psikis
 Olahraga Prestasi  Sosial

 Butuh PENDIDIKAN
FIKK
PENDIDIKAN
 Manpower: 62 dosen:4 jurusan 5 Prodi
 Material: Gedung kuliah
 Method: Kurikulum (MPK, MKK, MPB,
MKB, MBB)
 Market: Mahasiswa asal gorontalo dan
luar gorontalo, Reguler dan non reguler
KESEHATAN
 Man: 1 dokter ahli saraf, 4 dokter umum,
1 dokter gigi, 2 perawat,4 Apoteker
 Material: UNG Medical Centre
 Method: Layanan konsultasi dokter,
periksa laboratorium, pelayanan farmasi
 Market: Dosen, Karyawan, mahasiswa,
masyarakat umum
OLAHRAGA
 Man: 25 dosen
 Material: Lapangan olahraga
 Method: kurikulum
PUASA ?
DEFINISI
 Puasa = Menahan diri
(Shiyam; Fasting; Abstinance)
Dasar hukum: QS AlBaqarah(2):183
 Untuk Orang beriman
 Diwajibkan
 Sebagaimana orang terdahulu
 Menjadi takwa
 Puasa itu lebih baik bagimu, jika kamu
mengetahui (QS Albaqarah(2):184)
 Berpuasalah kamu agar kamu sehat
(Hadits dhaif)
PUASA&PENDIDIKAN
 Kognitif: Input
 Afektif : Proses
 Psikomotor : Output
 Neural Pathways
Receptors, nerve, brain and
effectors circuit
Sound
Brain
Muscle
Vision
Heart

Touch
Heat
Pressure
Neural pathways Muscle
Sensations have their
own pathways.
Taste Smell
 What Is EP?
 Stimulation (evoked) causes an electric potential change in the
nervous system, etc. This is called evoked potential.
Evoked
Potential

Visual
stimulation
EP signals exist in EEG, but they are very small.

Evoked
Potential

EEG

Visual
stimulation
PUASA&KESEHATAN
 Sehat Jasmani: Dari Ujung rambut  ujung
kaki
 Sehat Rohani: “TAQWA”
 Sehat Sosial: “Ibarat lebah”
Nervous System
 Your nervous system is
composed of the central
nervous system, the cranial
nerves, and the peripheral
nerves.
 The network of nerves that
connect at different levels of the
spinal cord control both
conscious and unconscious
activities.
 It is through the spinal cord that
information flows from these
nerves to the brain and back
again.
Central Nervous System and
Peripheral Nerves
 The brain and spinal cord
comprise your central
nervous system.
 The cranial nerves connect
the brain to the head.
 The four groups of nerves
that branch from the
cervical, thoracic, lumbar,
and sacral regions of the
spinal cord are called the
peripheral nerves.
Spinal Cord Cross Section
Sensory System Skin Sensors

Many types of sensors receive information and

send it to the brain through the nerves
Tips puasa
 Sahur di akhir waktu
 Buka puasa 3 tahap:Maghrib, Sebelum
isya’ dan setelah tarawih
PUASA&OLAHRAGA
 Olahraga rehabilitatif:Sholat wajib&sunnah
 Olahraga rekreasi: Dzikir dan wirid
 Olahraga prestasi: Sholat tarawih

Selama puasaolahraga tetap jalan

Olahraga dilakukan beberapa jam sebelum
waktu berbuka tiba
 Mens Sana in Corpore Sano

Laura J. Podewils, MS,PhD, and Eliseo Guallar, MD, DrPH

17 January 2006 | Volume 144 Issue 2 | Pages 135-136

Experimental studies support a role of physical

activity in protecting brain structure and function.
Compared with inactive adult mice, active adult
mice have reduced cerebral accumulation of
neurodegenerative byproducts, including ß-
amyloid plaques and reactive oxygen species that
have been implicated in the pathogenesis of
dementia.
 Voluntary exercise upregulates proteins that
stimulate neural growth, most prominently
brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the
hippocampus, an area that is central to
learning and memory and is particularly
affected in Alzheimer disease and other
dementing illnesses.
 Exercise and cognitive function
Helen Petrovitch,Lon White
The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study,Paci .c Health Research Institute,
and Kuakini Medical Center,Honolulu,HA,USA
Hpetrovitch@phrihawaii.org
 Among patients with Alzheimer disease at similar
stages of clinical-disease severity,those who had
participated in leisure activities (physical,social,or
intellectual) had low cerebral blood flow as shown
by PET.
 The authors interpreted these results as
consistent with a greater tolerance of brain
pathology attributable to greater functional brain
reserve.
 Furthermore, compared with non-aerobically
trained participants, aerobically trained adults
have greater task-related brain activity,as shown
by functional neuroimaging,in regions of the
prefrontal and parietal cortices.
 A study from Japan comparing physically active
elderly individuals with less active controls showed
faster reaction time and higher amplitude event-
related brain potentials on electroencephalography
in the active group.
Bagaimana mekanisme sistem saraf ?
Neuron
 The neuron (nerve cell) is the basic unit of the nervous system.
A neuron consists of a cell body, axon (nerve fiber), etc.
 Electric impulses are generated by the neuron and travel on
the axon. The impulse travels faster where the axon is covered
by myelin.
Synapse
The synapse is the
neuron to neuron
junction. Signal
processing is done at the
synapse.
Synapse
 Motor Unit
The motor unit consists of an anterior horn cell, its axon, and all the muscle fibers innervated
by that axon and its branches.

Nucleus Soma Endplate

Muscle
fiber

Axon Muscle fiber

Dendrites Myelin
Endplate (Neuromuscular Junction)
When impulses reach
the endplate, the
muscle fibers contract.
Motor and Sensory Nerves
A motor neuron connects to muscle fibers (other
cells). A sensory neuron has a sensor, but it is part
of the same cell.
Why Is the EP Test Done?
 To find abnormal parts in the neural
pathway

Pathway
PART OF BRAIN
CONTROL CENTER OF BRAIN
 - Contralateral limb weakness
- Contralateral sensory loss
- Demensia
- Disfasia
- Ggn mood
- Disleksia, disgrafia, diskalkulia
- Ggn perilaku
- Disorientasi spasial
- Inkontinensia
- disfungsi olfaktorius
- Disfungsi opticus

Hemianopsia
Homonim
Kontralateral

- Ggn bahasa Nistagmus

- Ggn memori Disartria
- Ggn mood - Ggn saraf kranial Ataksia
- Ggn perilaku - Ggn fx vital
- Hearing & vision
pathways (Wilkinson, 1997)
 Brain Development

Stages of brain development

Neurogenesis
Neural differentiation
Neural migration
Synaptogenesis

Synaptic pruning

Myelination

1st se. 2nd se. 3rd se.

Prenatal Postnatal
Early brain development
(Harison, 2002)
At birth a baby’s brain
contains 1 x 1012 cells with
100 billion active neurons,
roughly as many nerve cells as
stars in the milky way.
The brain is now known to
be “plastic”, an organ
molded by both genes and
experience throughout life.
The connections (Harison,
2002)
•After birth, a baby’s brain produces
trillions more connections between
neurons than it can possibly use
•The brain eliminates connections that are
seldom or never used
•The “pruning” starts around the age of
ten or earlier, leaving behind a mind with
patterns of emotion and thought are
unique to that person
Dendrites density (Harison,
2002)

At Birth 6 Years Old 14 Years Old

Dendrites (Harison, 2002)

•When they connect, communication occurs

•The greater the number of dendrites, the
more information processed
•They grow as a result of stimulation from
and interaction with the environment
•No stimulation, they retreat and disappear
Up and down regulation of neurogenesis
(Duman, 2001)
Critical period
A window of time during which a
child is most vulnerable to the
absence of stimulation or to
environmental influences

Sensitive period
Broad windows of opportunity for
certain types of learning
The factors (Harison, 2002)
Before birth
• Good nutrition
• Drugs, alcohol, and chemical exposure
• Infections Nurturing
Experience is the chief
architect of the brain
Cortical plasticity
The representation of
somatosensoric area become
larger with training
Alzheimer’s disease
 Neuronal atrophy & degeneration
Normal Alzheimer’s

(Sofia Mubarika, 2004)

Neuritic plaques & neurofibrillary tangles

tangles

plaques

(Sofia Mubarika, 2004)

 Leviton (1995), memberikan 7 fundamen
konsep “use yor brain” yaitu:
 1) Believe your brain
 2) Free your brain
 3) Get in rhytm with your brain
 4) Feed your brain
 5) Move your brain
 6) Sound your brain
 7) Exercise your brain
Therapeutic approach of MCI (con’t)
Non pharmacological approach
 Stress reduction
 Mental activity
 Healthy brain diet
 Reguler physical exercise
 Sport and activities with low risk for head trauma
 Avoidance of tobacco and exercise use of alcohol
 Activities that have personal meeting

(Troeboes Poerwadi, 2004)

 TM program benefits all areas of an individual's ,the research
findings include:

- Increased happiness - Reduced stress

- Increased intelligence - Increased creativity
- Improved memory - Improved health
- Reduced high blood pressure - Improved relationships
- Increased energy - Reduced insomnia
- Reversal of biological aging - Reduced crime
- Improved quality of life in society - Decrease of heart rate
- Decrease plasma cortisol - Decrease pulse rate
- Increase EEG alpha ( wave associated with relaxation)
SIMPULAN
 Aplikasi puasa ditinjau secara neurologis
mempengaruhi pendidikan, kesehatan dan
olahraga
SARAN
 Jadikan puasa sebagai sarana untuk
menjadikan diri insan paripurna
 Perlu penelitian lebih lanjut dari sudut
pandang ilmu lain tentang aplikasi puasa
terhadap pendidikan, kesehatan dan
olahraga
Thank you