Lecture 10 – Design

Reinforced Beams
June 23, 2003
CVEN 444
Lecture Goals
Examples of Singly Reinforced
Rectangular Beam
 Known section dimensions
 Unknown section dimensions
Design of Doubly Reinforced Beams
 Known section dimensions
 Unknown section dimensions
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions I)

Design a singly reinforced beam, which has a

moment capacity, Mu = 250 k-ft, fc = 4.5 ksi,
and fy = 50 ksi.
Use a b = 0.55d and determine whether or not
it is sufficient space for the tension steel.
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions I)

Select a c/d ratio  f c  4000 psi 

1  0.85  0.05  
for the tension  1000 psi 
component to
dominate. Chose  4500 psi  4000 psi 
 0.85  0.05  
c/d=0.25  1000 psi 
 0.825
 c
k   1  
d
 0.825  0.25   0.20675
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions I)
Calculate Ru for the beam
 k 
Ru  0.85 f c k  1  
 2
  0.20675  
 0.85  4.5 ksi   0.20675  1  
 2 
 0.7076 ksi
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions I)
Calculate the b d 2
 MU 
  
MN  
bd 
2

Ru Ru
  12 in  
 250 k-ft  ft  
  
 0.9 
 
   4711 in 3
0.7076 ksi
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions I)
Calculate d, if b = 0.55d
3
4711 in
0.55d  4711 in  d  3
3 3
 20.46 in.
0.55

If b = 0.55(20.46 in.) = 11.25 in., so use b = 12 in.

and d = 20.5 in. and h = 23 in.
c  0.25d  0.25  20.5 in   5.125 in.
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions I)
Calculate As for the beam

0.85 f cb 1c
As 
fy
0.85  4.5 ksi   12 in.  0.825   5.125 in.

50 ksi
 3.88 in 2
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions I)
Look at a series of bars and calculate As for the
beam for a single layer.

b   2n  1 d b  2  cover  dstirrup 

The cover is 1.5 in. and use d = 3/8 in. stirrup.

Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions I)
Look at a series of bars and calculate As for the
beam for a single layer.
depth 20.5
cover 1.5 in.
stirrup 0.375 in.

single
Bar Area (in 2) diameter (in) # of bars As(in 2) spacing(in) h (in)

6 0.44 0.75 9 3.96 16.5 22.75

7 0.6 0.875 7 4.2 15.125 22.81
8 0.79 1 5 3.95 12.75 22.88
9 1 1.128 4 4 11.646 22.94
10 1.27 1.27 3 3.81 10.1 23.01
11 1.56 1.41 3 4.68 10.8 23.08
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions I)
Check whether or not the bars will fit into the beam.
The diameter of the #11 = 1.41 in.

b   2n  1 d b  2  cover  dstirrup 
  2  3  1  1.41 in.  2  1.5 in.  0.375 in.  10.8 in.

So b =12 in. works for 3#11 or 3#10 or 4#9 to fit

into the beam.
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions I)
Check the height of the beam.

db
h  d   cover  dstirrup 
2

 20.5 in. 
 1.41 in.
  1.5 in.  0.375 in.  23.08 in
2

To be exact, use d = 20.5 in –0.08 in. = 20.42 in.,

but in reality use d = 20.5 in.
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions I)
Find a

a
As f y

 4.68 in 2
  50 ksi 
0.85f cb 0.85  4.5 ksi   12.0 in.
 5.10 in.

Find c a 5.10 in.

c 
1 0.825
 6.18 in.
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions I)
Compute 

As 4.68 in 2
 
bd  12.0 in   20.5 in 
 0.019024
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions I)

Calculate min for the beam

 200 200
   0.004
 fy 50000
 min    min  0.004025
 3 f c  3 4500  0.004025
 fy 50000


0.019024  0.004025 The beam is OK for

the minimum 
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions I)
Check the strain in the steel

 d c  20.5 in.  6.18 in. 

t     cu     0.003
 c   6.18 in. 
 0.00695  0.005

Therefore,  is 0.9
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions I)
Compute the Mn for the beam
 a
M n  As f y  d  
 2
 5.10 in. 
  4.68 in   50 ksi   20.5 in. 
2

 2 
 4200.6 k-in
Calculate Mu
Mu  Mn
 0.9  4200.6 k-in   3780.5 k-in
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions I)
Check the beam Mu = 250 k-ft*12 in/ft =3000 k-in

3780.5  3000
*100%  26.02%
3000

Over-designed the beam by 26%

c 6.18 in.
  0.301
d 20.5 in.
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions I)
Check out the other bars
Error
Bar # of bars As(in 2) c (in) c/d  Mn (k-in) %

9 4 4.00 5.28 0.258 0.01626 3664.30 9.93

10 3 3.81 5.03 0.245 0.01549 3509.90 5.30
11 3 4.68 6.18 0.301 0.01902 4200.60 26.02

Choosing between the #9 an #10 depend on the

selection of development length, availability,etc.
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)
Select a b,d and h and the reinforcement for a
24 ft. span continuous beam. The beam will
support its own dead load plus a superimposed
serve deal load of 1.25 k/ft plus uniform
service load of 2 k/ft. Design for the negative
moment of an interior beam with multiple
spans (>2).
Use fc = 4 ksi, and fy = 60 ksi.
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)
Assume that depth of the beam to be 8 to 10
percent of the L and b = 0.5 d.

  12 in.  
h  0.08  24 ft     23.04 in.  23.0 in.
  ft  
  12 in.  
h  0.1 24 ft     28.8 in.  29.0 in.
  ft  
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)
Compute the weight of the beam = 0.150 k/ft3.
 23 in.  ft.     ft.  
bh     23 in.    1.84 ft 2

 2  12 in     12 in  
 29 in.  ft.    ft.  
bh      29 in.    2.92 ft 2

 2  12 in    12 in  

  
bh   1.84 ft 2
 0.150 k/ft 3
  0.276 k/ft
  
bh   2.92 ft 2
 0.150 k/ft 3
  0.438 k/ft
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)
Chose w = 0.438 k/ft
 U  1.2  0.438 k/ft  1.25 k/ft   1.6  2.00 k/ft 
 5.23 k/ft
From ACI –318 02, look at 8.3.3
 U L 5.23 k/ft  24 ft 
2 2

MU  
11 11
 273.86 k-ft  3286.4 k-in
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)
Calculate Ru for the beam, assume a c/d =0.275

1c
k    0.85   0.275 
d
 0.23375
Ru  0.85 f c k   1  0.5k  
 0.85  4 ksi   0.23375   1  0.5  0.23375  
 0.7019 ksi
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)
Calculate the bd2
 MU 
  
MN  
bd 
2

Ru Ru
 3286.4 k-in 
 
 0.9 
  5202.7 in 3

0.7019 ksi
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)
Calculate d, if b = 0.5d
3
5202.7 in
0.5d  5202.7 in  d  3
3 3
 21.83 in.
0.5

If b = 12 in., then d = 22.5 in. and we would need

to use a single layer of steel. h=25 in.
c  0.275d  0.275  22.5 in   6.1875 in.
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)
Check the weight of the beam.

  ft.     ft.  
bh   12 in.   25 in.    2.08 ft 2

  12 in   12 in 
 bh     2.08 ft 2   0.150 k/ft 3   0.3125 k/ft

You would go back and re-compute the problem

with the new weight. Assume that the beam will
work.
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)
Chose w = 0.3125 k/ft
 U  1.2  0.3125 k/ft  1.25 k/ft   1.6  2.00 k/ft 
 5.075 k/ft

 U L 5.075 k/ft  24 ft 
2 2

MU  
11 11
 265.75 k-ft  3189 k-in
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)
Calculate Ru for the beam, assume a c/d =0.275

1c
k    0.85   0.275 
d
 0.23375
Ru  0.85 f c k   1  0.5k  
 0.85  4 ksi   0.23375   1  0.5  0.23375  
 0.7019 ksi
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)
Calculate the bd2
 MU 
  
MN  
bd 
2

Ru Ru
 3189 k-in 
 
 0.9 
  5048.1 in 3

0.7019 ksi
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)
Calculate d, if b = 0.5d
3
5048.1 in
0.5d  5048.1 in  d  3
3 3
 21.61 in.
0.5

If b = 12 in., then d = 22.5 in. and we would need

to use a single layer of steel. h=25 in.
c  0.275d  0.275  22.5 in   6.1875 in.
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)
Calculate As for the beam

0.85 f cb 1c
As 
fy
0.85  4 ksi   12 in.  0.85   6.1875 in.

60 ksi
 3.58 in 2
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)
Look at a series of bars and calculate As for the
beam for a single layer.

b   2n  1 d b  2  cover  dstirrup 

The cover is 1.5 in. and use d = 3/8 in. stirrup.

Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)
Look at a series of bars and calculate As for the
beam for a single layer.

single
Bar Area (in2) diameter (in) # of bars As (in2) spacing (in)
6 0.44 0.625 8 3.52 13.125
7 0.60 0.875 6 3.60 13.375
8 0.79 1.000 4 3.16 10.750
9 1.00 1.128 4 4.00 11.646
10 1.27 1.270 3 3.81 10.100
11 1.56 1.410 3 4.68 10.800
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)
Check whether or not the bars will fit into the beam.
The diameter of the #8 = 1.00 in.

b   2n  1 d b  2  cover  dstirrup 
  2  4   1  1.00 in.  2  1.5 in.  0.375 in.  10.75 in.

So b =12 in. works.

Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)
Check the height of the beam.

db
h  d   cover  dstirrup 
2

 22.5 in. 
 1.00 in.
  1.5 in.  0.375 in.  24.875 in
2
Use d = 22.5 in. and h = 25 in.
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)
Find a

a
As f y

 3.16 in 2
  60 ksi 
0.85f cb 0.85  4 ksi   12.0 in.
 4.65 in.

Find c a 4.65 in.

c 
1 0.85
 5.47 in.
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)
Check the strain in the steel
 d c  22.5 in.  5.47 in. 
t     cu     0.003
 c   5.47 in. 
 0.009347  0.005

c 5.47 in.
  0.243
d 22.5 in.
Therefore,  is 0.9
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)
Compute the Mn for the beam
 a
M N  As f y  d  
 2
 4.65 in. 
  3.16 in   60 ksi   22.5 in. 
2

 2 
 3825.5 k-in
Calculate Mu
MU  MN
 0.9  3825.5 k-in   3442.9 k-in
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)
Check the beam Mu =3189 k-in

3442.9  3189
*100%  7.96%
3189

Over-designed the beam by 8 %

As 3.16 in 2
   0.0117
bd  12 in.  22.5 in.
Example - Singly RC Beam
(Unknown Dimensions II)

Calculate min for the beam

 200 200
 f  60000  0.003333
 y
 min   min  0.003333
 3 f c  3 4000  0.00316
 f 60000
 y

0.0117  0.00333 The beam is OK for

the minimum 
Doubly Reinforced
Concrete Beams
Doubly Reinforced Beams Design
Procedure when section dimensions
are known
1 Calculate controlling value for the design
moment, Mu.

2 Calculate d, since h is known

d  h  2.5 in. For one layer of reinforcement.
d  h  3.5 in. For two layers of reinforcement.
Doubly Reinforced Beams Design
Procedure when section dimensions
are known

3 Estimate a c/d value, which will cause a

strain, t >0.005 and find the area As1 for a
singly reinforced section. Compute c from d
Doubly Reinforced Beams Design
Procedure when section dimensions
are known
4 Find nominal moment capacity provided by As1

0.85 f c ba
As1 
fy
 a1 
M f1  As1 f y  d  
 2
Doubly Reinforced Beams Design
Procedure when section dimensions
are known
5 Find nominal moment capacity that must be
provided by the web.

Mu
M   M f1

Doubly Reinforced Beams Design
Procedure when section dimensions
are known
Mu
M   M f1

If M  0 , compression steel is not
required to resist Mu /
If M  0 , go to step 6.
Note: Use 0.9 for flexure without axial
load, which will be dependent on
the strain in the tension steel. (ACI
318-02 Sec. 9.3)
Doubly Reinforced Beams Design
Procedure when section dimensions
are known

6 Determine A’s required to resist M

(assume s  y)

M
As req'd  
 d  d   f y 
Doubly Reinforced Beams Design
Procedure when section dimensions
are known

7 Calculate total tension reinforcement

required.

As req'd   As1  As req'd 

Doubly Reinforced Beams Design
Procedure when section dimensions
are known

8 Select reinforcing bars so As(provided) A s(req’d)

and A’s  A’s(req’d). Confirm that the bars will fit
within the cross section.
Doubly Reinforced Beams Design
Procedure when section dimensions
are known

9 Confirm that ’s  y. If not go back to step

6 and substitute f’s = Es ’s for fy to get correct
value of A’s(req’d)
Doubly Reinforced Beams Design
Procedure when section dimensions
are known

10 Calculate the actual Mn for the section

dimensions and reinforcement selected.
Check strength,  Mn  Mu. (keep
overdesign within 10 % )
Doubly Reinforced Beams Design
Procedure when section dimensions
are known

11 Check whether  provided is within

allowable limits.