4a - Dasar-Dasar Metabolisme Sel
4a - Dasar-Dasar Metabolisme Sel
Metabolisme Sel
Metabolisme
temperature
Konsentrasi Substrat
pH
Banyak enzim membutuhkan komponen
nonprotein yang disebut dengan kofaktor
Coenzyme
Enzyme Enzyme
becomes nonfunctional.
30 40 50
Temperature
Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity
Increasing the temperature causes more
collisions between substrate and enzyme
molecules. The rate of reaction
therefore increases as temperature
increases.
Rate of Reaction
30 40 50
Temperature
Konsentrasi enzim
Rate of Reaction
Enzyme Concentration
Electron Carriers
Photosynthesis
NADP+
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)
Organic
Molecule
+ NAD+ NAD+
NAD+ + 2H NADH + H+
NAD+ functions in cellular respiration by carrying two electrons. With two electrons, it
becomes NADH.
NAD+ oxidizes its substrate by removing two hydrogen atoms. One of the hydrogen
atoms bonds to the NAD+. The electron from the other hydrogen atom remains with the
NADH molecule but the proton (H+) is released.
NAD+ + 2H NADH + H+
NADH can donate two electrons (one of them is a hydrogen atom) to another molecule.
FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide)
NADPH + H+
Energy
Energy +
+ 2H
2H
NADP+
NADP+ (Nicotinamide Adenine
Dinucleotide Phosphate)
NADP+ + 2H NADPH + H+
NADP+ is similar to NAD+ in that it can carry
two electrons, one of them in a hydrogen
atom, the other one comes from a hydrogen
that is released as a hydrogen ion. (
Click here to review NAD+.)
Electrons carried by NADPH in photosynthesis
are ultimately used to reduce CO2 to
carbohydrate.