Signaling adalah...
Definisi : Signaling[FTP’2000]
Pertukaran informasi
Antar perangkat dalam jaringan
Dlm bentuk kode tertentu (standard)
Berfungsi untuk :
Pembangunan hubungan (call set-up)
Pengawasan hubungan (supervision)
Pembubaran hubungan (clear down)
Telecom
setup
signal s
si etuNetwork
gn p
al
se
A signtuap
l Telecom
(calling party) se
signtup
al releasael re Network
sign si lea
gn s
al e
B relea
se sign
(called party) A al
a) call setup (calling party)
rele
signase
al
speech B
spee
c) clear down
ch (called party)
A
(calling party) spe
ec h
speech path Telecom
signaling path Network
node (exchange) B
(called party)
b) conversation
Klasifikasi signaling
CASR2
Bdsk. PEMAK.
KANAL CCSC7
(kanal voice/sig) (CCS7/SS7)
- End-to-end
(CAS)
- Link-by-link
Bdsk. METODA PENYALURAN
- Enblock
- Overlap (CCS)
Klasifi Forward
kasi Bdsk. ARAH
Pensi PEMB HUB Backward
nyalan
- DC Single freq Inband : 2600Hz, DTMF, MFC
- AC
Multi freq Outband : 50Hz, 16KHz, 3825Hz
Bdsk. KARAKT
- Analog
- Dijital
a. CAS : Exchange A
2
Exchange B
voice/data channel
n
signaling channel
n voice/data channel
1
b. CCS : 2
Exchange A n Exchange B
m << n
1
m signaling channel
b. Line & Register signal
Line signal /supervisory signal (sinyalpengawasan) = sinyal-sinyal yang
berfungsi untuk : memonitor (kondisi/status) & mengontrol line/saluran
Contoh fungsi monitor : idle, blocking dsb
Contoh fungsi kontrol : clear forward, force release, seizure dsb
Register signal : sinyal-sinyal yang berfungsi
membawa informasi tentang : nomor telepon tujuan/asal,
kelas/kategori pemanggil, kondisi bebas/sibuknya yang dipanggil dan sinyal-
sinyal pengontrol sinyal forward
Terdapat dua jenis pengkodean register
signal,yaitu :
Decadic pulses dan
MFC (Multi Frequency Code) berupa 2 dari 6 frekuensi untuk tiapkode.
Berdasarkan metoda pengiriman sinyal backward,
terdapat dua macam MFC signaling, yaitu :
Full compelled sequence MFC, dimana penghentian backward
bergantung pada penghentian sinyal forward yang bersesuaian.
Semi compelled sequence (SMFC), dimana sinyalbackward dibatasi
150 ms
5
Signaling pada Saluran
Pelanggan Analog
Inter-exchange
signaling
iber
subscarling
sign
Telecom
Network sub
signscribe
alin r
g
Subscriber
signaling Network signaling Subscriber
(inter-exchange signaling) signaling
DP
pp
wire
Dro
Sentral
RK MDF
KTB
Roset
Kabel Kabel
sekunder primer
Pes Tlp
Subscriber lines
(Accsess network)
9
Klasifikasi signaling pd sal pelangg (analog)
Idle on hook (continuous)- backward
Dial Tone
Busy Tone
Tone
RingingTone
InterruptionTone
Audible
sig Ringing Current/voltage
10
2. Call setup (overview)
EXCHANGE
A B
Seizure
1 (off-hook) 2 - Identification of
calling subscriber
- Allocation of storage
address digits and
- Connection of common
Dial tone equipment
3
4
5 - Disconnection of
Address digit dialtone
(B-number) - Digit analysis and
search of B sub
6 - Switch path set
Ringing Ringing
7a 7b
tone current
Answer 8
(off-hook)
9 C O N V E R S A T I O N
Supervision
R2 h2 ke sal. Luar
(Sentral)
W
M nsa
R1
b
Keterangan
M = Mikropon (transmitter)
T = Telepon (receiver) nsi, nsa, nsr = kontak-kontak mekanik yang buka/tutupnya oleh nocken
W = Wekker (bell) pada roda pilih (dialswitch)
h 1,h 2 = kontak kait (hook) · nsi : pembentuk pulsa-pulsa dekadik (60 ms buka/40 ms tutup)
R1 = Balancing Network · nsr : menghubung singkat 2 pulsa terakhir (utk minimum interdigit time)
R2 + C = peredam bunga api · nsa : penghubung singkat rangkaian (mikropon & balancing network)
(spark suppressor) akibat buka tutup nsi utk pengamanan dan agar nilai resistansi sekecil mungkin
12
Persyaratan signaling sal pelanggan
Ra MDF
Rb
pes tlp sentral
sal luar
Rloop = Ra + Rpes + Rb
13
Deteksi on-hook/off-hook
On-hook PES TLP
SAL LUAR
(JAR AKSES) MDF SENTRAL
a a
Ra
à pada test point X : VX » - 48V
C = open circuit à output comparator logika 0
à pelanggan idle (on-hook)
Rbell
b Rb b
VRef X
R2
R1
Compar
ator
- 48V 0V
event
R2 h2
W
nsa
R M Req pes tlp
(Rdc) LOOP b
Rb VRef X
R1 R2
Compar
(R2 + Rb + Rpes + Ra) x (- 48V)
Vx = (R2 + Rb + Rpes + Ra) + R1
> (-40V) ator
0V
à off-hook - 48V
14
event
PSTN Local Loop signalling
Decadic Pulse
Merupakan standar bagi “direct controlled exchange”
Setiap nomor dial direpresentasikan dalam jumlah pulse
V ab
o n -h o o k o ff-h o o k
t (m s )
Standar ITU
untuk decadic pulse = 10 pulse/menit
untuk IDT = 250 mdetik
Standar sentral
Untuk decadik = 5 – 24 pulse/menit
Untuk IDT = 100 mdetik
PSTN Local Loop signalling
DTMF
Setiap dial number direpresentasikan dengan pengiriman dual tone
Standar DTMF adalah rekomendasi ITU-T No. Q-23
697 Hz 1 2 3 V ab
o n -h o o k o ff-h o o k
852 Hz 7 8 9
t (m s )
50 50 50 50
941 Hz ./* 0 #
Decadic Pulse
Z-Interface DTMF
Subscriber Line
(On-hook/Off-hook)
3wEMD/F6 ●
CAS Phillips Loop
Erisson Loop
2wEMD/F6 ●
Decadic Pulse
Inter-exchange Ericsson Loop
SMFC
2wPhillips/F6
E&M
A B
Seizure (off-hook)
Dial tone
Dialling
Seizing Signal
Proceed to signal
Address Signal
Audible Ringing Ringing
Answer (Off Hook)
AnswerSignal
Conversation
Disconnect
(on-hook)
Clear forward signal
Disconnect
(on-hook)
Release-guard signal
PSTN Network Signalling
Catatan
CAS : Kanal untuk signaling menggunakan kanal yang nantinya dipakai untuk speech channel
bila call setup berhasil
Data/voice + Signalling
Data/voice + Signalling
Exchange Exchange
Data/voice + Signalling
Exchange Exchange
Signalling
digital form (TDM)
1 E1
2Mbps
2 (= 32 ts)
OOM
EXCHANGE A EXCHANGE B
Z
1 MULTI FRAME
(=16 FRAME)
Frame 0 Frame 1 Frame 15
Utk signaling
bit no.à 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
kanal voice no 1
Utk signaling Utk signaling Utk signaling
kanal voice no 16 kanal voice no 15 kanal voice no 30
8 bit = 1 sampel suara pada kanal voice no 15
Contoh : 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
Pendahuluan
Konsep : Analog signaling, artinya satu sinyal akan merepresentasikan suatu ‘tanda’ tertentu (mis. : 1
digit)
Transmit signaling : Analog atau digital
Exchange A Exchange B
n
Address digits
(B-number)
ANSWER signal
CONVERSATION
IDLE signal 26
Tabel Kombinasi Frekuensi SMFC
Frekuensi (Hz)
Combination Number
1380 1500 1620 1740 1860 1980 Forward
1 x x
Contoh :
Sinyal nomor 7
2 x x Forward : 1380 dan 1860 Hz
Backward : 1440 dan 660 Hz
3 x x
4 x x Sinyal Backward
5 x x
G r o u p A : 1 5 s in y a l
6 x x
Back w ard
7 x x
G r o u p B : 1 5 s in y a l
8 x x
9 x x A 1 = B 1
A 2 = B 2
10 x x d ari seg i F reku en si
sam a arti b erb ed a
11 x x
A 15 = B 15
12 x x
13 x x
14 x x
15 x x
PSTN Network Signalling
ARTI/MAKSUD LINE SIGNAL
1 E1
2Mbps
2 (= 32 ts)
EXCHANGE A EXCHANGE B
kanall voice
bit no.à 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
29
PSTN Network Signalling
Sinyal Forward
Keterangan :
1. Group I : Nomor Called station
2. Group III : Nomor Calling station
3. Group II : Kategori atau jenis opearator
PSTN Network Signalling
Sinyal Backward
Keterangan
1. Group A : Permintaan sinyal forward atau pindah ke Group B
2. Group B : Kondisi atau kategori dari called station
PSTN Network Signalling
Contoh Pensinyalan R2 LE LT LT LE
Terminal Terminal
0222500962 Dago Bandung Jakarta Slipi 0215432167
E&M
0215432167
I5
A1
I4
A1
I3
A1
I2
A1
I1
A1
I6
A1
I7
PSTN Network Signalling
Lanjutan ….. Terminal LE LT LT LE Terminal
0222500962 Dago Bandung Jakarta Slipi 0215432167
Komunikasi