DEFINISI
• Traumatik
• Iatrogenik
• Spontan (Nontraumatic)
Peningkatan transien TIO akibat kompresi
TRAUMATI anteroposterior + ekspansi bidang ekuatorial
K distorsi struktur intraokular pembuluh darah di
iris dan badan silier mengalami gaya regang
ruptur dan pembentukan hifema.
Traumatic hyphaema. (a) Bleeding from the ciliary body; (b) small hyphaema; (c) secondary
total hyphaema; (d) corneal blood staining (Courtesy of R Curtis - fig. a; Krachmer, Mannis and
Holland, from Cornea, Mosby, 2005 - fig. d)
IATROGENI
K
http://dro.hs.columbia.edu/corblood.htm
Conjunctival injection, corneal edema with Descemet membrane folds, and a 1 mm hyphema after blunt
force trauma from an airbag deployment.
Iris neovascularization in a patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy with a resultant spontaneous
hyphema.
MANAJEMEN
• Konservatif:
• Istirahat atau kurangi aktivitas
• Limited ambulation, elevasi kepala 30-45o (evaluasi, cegah kontak dengan endotel kornea dan
trabekula)
• Atropine 1% solution or scopolamine 0.25%
• Analgesik (asetaminofen dan/atau kodein) . Hindari aspirin dan obat anti inflamasi non-
steroid menimbulkan perdarahan. Sedatif.
• Use topical steroids
• Follow up: tajam penglihatan, TIO, regresi hifema
MANAJEMEN (2)
• Kontrol TIO
• Start with a beta-blocker (timolol or levobunolol 0.5%).
• Masih tinggi: topical alphaagonist (apraclonidine 0.5%, or brimonidine 0.2%) or topical
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (dorzolamide 2%, or brinzolamide 1%). In children under
5, topical alphaagonists are contraindicated.
• If topical therapy fails, acetazolamide (500 mg p.o., for adults, 20 mg/kg/day divided
three times per day for children) or mannitol [1 to 2 g/kg intravenously (i.v.) over 45
minutes].
MANAJEMEN (3)
• Indikasi bedah:
• Corneal blood staining
• Penurunan visus yang signifikan
• Sickel cell trait (TIO>24 mmHg >24 jam)
• Hyphema that does not decrease to <50% by 8 days [to prevent peripheral anterior synechiae
(PAS)].
• IOP >60 mm Hg for >48 hours, despite maximal medical therapy (to prevent optic atrophy).
• IOP >25 mm Hg with total hyphema for >5 days (to prevent corneal stromal blood staining).
KOMPLIKASI
• TIO akut glaukoma traumatik
• Perdarahan ulang
• Sinekia posterior (iritis)
• Sinekia anterior (pada hifema >9 hari)
• Corneal blood staining (pada hifema total + TIO) dapat menghilang berbulan-bulan
sampai 2 tahun lamanya
• Glaukoma kronik (late-onset glaucoma)
• Atrofi optik
PROGNOSIS
Ditentukan berdasarkan pulihnya tajam penglihatan pasien. Dipertimbangkan:
• Kerusakan struktur mata lainnya
• Perdarahan sekunder
• Komplikasi lain: glaukoma, corneal blood staining, atrofi optik