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2 Recent development in scientific research

2 Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at
Caltech on December 29, 1959
2 Process by which the ability to manipulate individual atoms
and molecules might be developed, using one set of precise
tools to build and operate another proportionally smaller set,
so on down to the needed scale
2 Moore's Law(Gordon Moore,1965)
2 Each of process rely on the properties of stochastically-formed
atomic ensembles
2 |orio Taniguchi of the Tokyo Science University in a 1974
2 It consists of the processing of, separation, consolidation, and
deformation of materials by one atom or one molecule
2 Real boost in 1980·s
  


 


å |anotechnology is an umbrella term that is used to describe a

variety of techniques to fabricate materials and devices on the
nanoscale.
å One nanometer(nm) is one billionth, or 10-9 of a meter.
å |anotechnology cuts across many disciplines, including
colloidal Science, chemistry, applied physics and biology. A
sheet of paper is about100000 nanometers thick. The width of
a human hair is approximately 80000 nanometers thick.
    










 

 







 

 

 


A nanometer-sized
particle is also
smaller than a living
cell and can be seen
only with the most
powerful
Microscopes
available today.

£
2 Concerned with enhanced functional materials- nonmaterial
2 Approaches to construct nonomaterial:
m Top-down and bottom-up technique
m By using tools to help the molecules move individually. Has
greater construction control but laborious and not applicable for
industrial uses.
a 


 

2 |anobioscience:
m possibility of treating serious disease by using nanobots
2 |anoengineering:
m Focus on building large structures by using small particles in lieu of
huge materials.
m Allows rearrangement of atoms to come up with a functional structure
out of their natural properties.
m focus on the production of substantial building materials on a nano
scale and speed thus eliminating high costs and lengthy production
time.
2 |anopharmacy:
m field responsible for developing and manufacturing quality medicines
at a minimal cost and at a speed and large quantities. By coming up
with medicines using nanotechnology, pharmaceutical companies can
now dispose needed medicines at a lower price with low production
cost and capital.
 



6 5*10*millions
6 Design in days and distribution in hours.
6 Products can even be Pre-Designed.
6 Benefit the energy sector
 


2 Atomic weapons can now be more accessible and made to be

more powerful and more destructive
2 Inhalation problem
2 Expensive technology
 J 





 

6 Solar cells in roofing tiles and siding that will provide electricity for
homes and facilities.
6 High performance footwear, exercise equipment, and car parts such as
belts, wiper blades etc.
6 In pharmaceutical and chemical industries:
6 Advanced drug delivery systems, including implantable devices that
automatically administer drugs and sense drug levels, and medical
diagnostic tools, such as cancer tagging mechanisms.
 
 

2 |
 is the logical name for a computer smaller than the

microcomputer, which is smaller than the minicomputer.
2 |o commercially available computers that are named nanocomputers
exist at this date, but the term is used in science and science fiction.
2 Several ways to build nanocomputers
m ^


m 
 
m   

m 
  

 ^


2 Mechanical nanocomputers would use tiny moving

components called nanogears to encode information.
2 Such a machine is reminiscent of Charles Babbage 's analytical
engines of the 19th century.
 
 

2 Similar to the way present-day microcomputers work.

2 Difference is in physical scale.
2 More and more transistor s are squeezed into silicon chips
with each passing year; witness the evolution of integrated
circuits ( IC s) capable of ever-increasing storage capacity and
processing power.
   

2 Chemical and biochemical nanocomputers would store and

process information in terms of chemical structures and
interactions.
2 Biochemical nanocomputers already exist in nature; they are
manifest in all living things. But these systems are largely
uncontrollable by humans.
 Õ


2 A quantum nanocomputer would work by storing data in the

form of atomic quantum states or spin.