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If you've never heard of VoIP, get ready to change

the way you think about long-distance phone calls.
VoIP, or m
     
, is a method
for taking analog audio signals, like the kind you hear
when you talk on the phone, and turning them into
digital data that can be transmitted over the Internet.

Above all else, VoIP is basically a clever "reinvention

of the wheel." In this article, we'll explore the
principles behind VoIP, its applications and the
potential of this emerging technology, which will more
than likely one day replace the traditional phone
systems entirely.
 




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ÿ ATA (analog telephone adapter)

ÿ IP phones

ÿ Computer ²to²Computer
 

The ATA is an analog-to-

digital converter. It takes the
analog signal from our
traditional phone and converts
it into digital data for
transmission over the Internet.

The ATA allows us to

connect a standard phone to
your computer or your Internet
connection for use with VoIP

 

These specialized phones look just like

normal phones with a handset, cradle
and buttons. But instead of having the
standard RJ-11 phone connectors, IP
phones have an RJ-45 Ethernet
connector. IP phones connect directly to
our router and have all the hardware
and software necessary right onboard to
handle the IP call.
      
This is certainly the easiest way to use VoIP. We
don't even have to pay for long-distance calls.
There are several companies offering free or very
low-cost software that you can use for this type of
VoIP. All we need is the software, a microphone,
speakers a sound card and an Internet
connection. Except for our normal monthly ISP
fee, there is usually no charge for computer-to-
computer calls, no matter the distance.
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ÿ We pick up the receiver, which sends a signal to the

ATA.
ÿ ATA connects to the Internet and receive the tone of
dialed number.
ÿ Tone data is sent to the VoIP company·s call
processor.
ÿ Call processor determines whom to connect by
mapping (translating into IP address).
ÿ Soft switch connects the two end points,
simultaneously a signal is sent to the receiving end
ATA to ring the handset.
ÿ In middle the common Internet infrastructure
handles the call as if it were e-mail or webpage.
ÿ Hanging up the phone ends the session. ATA sends a
signal to soft switch connecting the call to terminate
the session.
 
 
 m
 

A codec, which stands for   ,

converts an audio signal into compressed digital
form for transmission and then back into an
uncompressed audio signal for replay. It's the
essence of VoIP.

G.711 codec ² 64000 times per second

G.729A codec ² 8000 times per second




  

Soft switches contains a database of users and

phone numbers running on a hardware called
Central Call Processor.

Protocols-
-H.323
-SIP
   
 


VoIP call monitoring, also known as ‰


 
 
 , uses hardware and software
solutions to test, analyze and rate the overall
quality of calls made over a VoIP phone network
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ÿ Packet switching allows several telephone calls to
occupy the amount of space occupied by only one
in a circuit-switched network.
ÿ Data compression reduces further space needed
for the call.
ÿ It is easy to migrate conventional telephone line
over data network.
ÿ Less resource requirement reduces the call cost
effectively.
 

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ÿ VoIP is dependant on wall power.
ÿ There's currently no way to integrate other
consumer products with VoIP as in conventional
telephony.
ÿ Emergency calls.

ÿ Common problems associating Internet i.e. jitter,

latency, packet loss.
ÿ Calls can be affected by processor drain.

ÿ Susceptible to worms, viruses and hacking.

 

  

VoIP is a revolutionary technology that has the

potential to completely rework the world's phone
systems.

Although it will take some time, you can be

sure that eventually all of the current circuit-
switched networks will be replaced with packet-
switching technology.

Perhaps the biggest draws to VoIP for the home

users that are making the switch are price and
flexibility.

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