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 IMMUNIZATION FOR
CHILDREN AND
IMMUNIZATION
INJECTION (PROCEDURE)
IMMUNIZATION

 Immunization is the process by which

an individual's immune system becomes fortified
against an antigen through vaccination.
 Immunity
???

The body’s ability to resist infection, afforded

by the presence of circulating antibodies and
white blood cells.
 OBJECTIVE OF
IMMUNIZATION

 Preventing a specific disease to individuals

 Helps to decrease the incidence of complications
 Reduce occurrence of outbreaks of target disease
 Reduce morbidity and mortality due to vaccine
preventable diseases
 Na
Imm tural
un
ity
Types of
Immunity
Acqu
i
Immu red
nity
 Immunity

Natural Acquired
immunity immunity

Active Passive Active Passive

immunity immunity immunity immunit
y
 Immune System
(after immunization)

Antigen is administered
(in the form of vaccine)

Reaction between body and antigen

stimulates the production of antibodies

The antibodies circulate in plasma

to protect the body
from invasion of disease

Antibodies will reduce according to a certain time interva

(for most of the vaccine)
 Injection polio vaccine
Hepatitis B ( IPV )
(Hep B)

Mumps
Measles
Rubella
Bacille Immunization ( MMR )
Calmette-Guérin
( BCG )

Diphtheria Haemophilus
Tetanus Influenzae
Pertussis type b
( DTaP) ( Hib )
 Diphtheria Mumps
Bacille Calmette-Guérin Tetanus Measles
(BCG) Pertussis Rubella
(DPT) (MMR)

Haemophilus Hepatitis B
influenzae type b (Hep B) Oral polio vaccine
(Hib) (POLIO)
 Immunization Schedule
Age (months) School
Vaccine
 
Birth 1 2 3 5 6 12 18 Std 1 Form 3

BCG 1                
Hep B 1st 2nd 3rd          

DTaP   1st 2nd 3rd      Booster    

Hib    1st 2nd  3rd      Booster  

IPV    1st 2nd  3rd      Booster    Booster

MMR           1st   Booster  

DT Booster
IMMUNIZATION

Bacille Calmette-Guérin
( BCG )
Bacille Calmette-Guérin
( BCG )
To protect • Tuberculosis
Method of injection • Intra dermal
• Left hand
Injection sites • Deltoid (2 fingers below
acromion process)

Dosage • 0.1 ml

Amount • 1 dose
Vaccine product • Attenuated live virus
 Neonatal jaundice

Pre-mature baby
Child with fever,
debilitating illness
or rash

Contraindications

Abnormal birth

Burn

Severe skin diseases

BCG-Immunization

1 3

2 4

5 6
QUESTION ?
Triple Vaccine (DTaP)

To protect : • Diphtheria
• Pertussis
• Tetanus
Method of injection • Intra Muscular
Injection sites • Vastus lateralis
Amount 0.5 ml
Dosage • 3 doses
Vaccine product • Live attenuated virus
 History of child having
any serious illnesses Developed complicat
e.g. renal failure during previous TA inje
e.g. epilepsy and syn
High fever → 40˚C

Contraindications Severe allergy

Endemic spread
of polio

Fits and Mental retardation

encephalitis
IMMUNIZATION

Polio
To protect Polio

Administration Oral drops

Injection polio (IM)
Amount 2 drops

Dosage 3 doses
Vaccine product Live attenuated virus
IMMUNIZATION

Mump, Measles, Rubella

(MMR)
 To protect Mumps
Measles
Rubella
Method of injection Subcutaneous

Dosage 0.5 ml

Amount 1 doses

Vaccine product Live attenuated virus

IMMUNIZATION

Haemophilus
influenzae type b
(Hib)
To protect : • Haemophilus influenzae type
b

Method of injection • Intra Muscular

Injection sites • Vastus lateralis
Amount 0.5 ml
Dosage • 3 doses
Vaccine product • Bacteria component
IMMUNIZATION

Hepatitis
B
To protect : • Hepatitis B

Method of injection • Intra Muscular

Injection sites • Vastus lateralis
Amount 0.5 ml
Dosage • 3 doses
Vaccine product • Virus component
PROCEDURE FOR INJECTION
1. Check Dr order.
2. Check patient chart.
3. Asses patient condition,vital sign,immunization and injection
site.
4. Perform medical handwashing.
5. Prepare medication from ampoule or vial,follow the ten right.
Cont….
6. Greet,introduce and explain procedure to the patient.
7. Place patient in appropaite position to expose site selected.

Instruct mother to hold child in correct position.

8. Don disposible glove.

9. Cleanse site with alcohol swab from inside outwart,using

circular movement.
Cont……

10. Place cotton at nondominat hand and pinch the skin.

11. Insert needle at 90 degrees angle and make sure

needle is 2/3 in the skin. When giving drug,make sure

syringe up before insert the drug.

12. Right out of the needle with quick movement.

Cont…..

13. Press the injection site for prevent bleeding.

14. Check the injection to ensure that no bleeding.

15. Comfort the patient.

16. Clean the equipment and perform medical handwashing.

17. Record in the appropriate document.

 Thank you...
ANY QUATIONS ?????