Hydropower makes us wet!

Hydropower

Reporters

• Diaz, Rudolf
• Ecot, Josa Marie
• Oliveros, Louelamie
• Lagdamat, Raymund
• Lamanilao, Juphil
The
“HYDROPOWERS” • Manon-og, Alona Amor
• Sumampong Geraldine

What’s Inside? – Introduction:

General Facts & Figures

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Greek

“HyDrO” HYDROPOWER
is power that is derived
from the force or energy
of moving water.
Water

HYDROPOWER
 Contents
Hydropower

ENERGY FROM FALLING WATER

History of Hydropower

How Hydropower Works

Attributes of Hydropower

Forms of Hydropower

Sizes of Hydro Plants

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 Contents
Hydropower

ENERGY FROM FALLING WATER

Types Of Hydropower Plants

Major Components

Types of Hydro plant TURBINES

Hydro Turbine Parameters

Cost

Hydroelectric Power Pant (Philippines)

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 History of Hydropower
Hydropower

 Saqia - a wheel used by the Persians to

raise water from a river to higher place.
 250 BC, water power was used as a clock.
 80 BC, the Antipater of Thessalonica wrote,
"Cease your work, ye maids who labour at the
mill . . . for Ceres has commanded the water-
nymphs to perform your task." The work of
grinding grains such as corn was automated by
water power.
 762 AD, water mills became popular by the
Saxons in England. A millwright traveled the
countryside and fixed broken mills.

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 History of Hydropower
Hydropower

 1086 AD, the Domesday survey found that

there were more than 5000 mills.

 1400 –1500, iron works exploited the power of

the water to cool the blast furnace. In Sheffield
and Sussex, England iron works were
employed next to the water.

 1581, Peter Morise installed a water wheel

under the old London Bridge. It worked on the
ebb and flood tides, meaning it was reversible.

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 History of Hydropower
Hydropower

 1086 AD, the Domesday survey found that there

were more than 5000 mills.
 1824, the Catrine cotton mill used a water wheel
and through gearing shafting and belting achieved
9000 rev/s.
 1838, 28 Tide mills existed in England even
though the era of steam engines was beckoning.
 1882, the transmission of hydroelectric power was
demonstrated at the Exposition in Munich with
direct current of 2400 volts The first central
hydroelectric station of a capacity of 250 lights
was installed in Appleton, Wisconsin.

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 History of Hydropower
Hydropower

 1883, a hydro-electric plant was developed at

Portrush in Ireland.
 1885, also in Ireland, a 65 horsepower turbine
was opened for the Bessbrook and Newry railway.
 1900, Oliver Evans developed a completely water
powered mill that handled everything from
unloading sacks of grain to packing flour in
turbines.
 2000, water power is becoming highly
implemented and extremely utilized.

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 A renewable ENERGY source
Hydropower

Hydropower is the leading source of renewable

energy.

Provides more than 97% of all electricity generated

by renewable sources.

Other sources account for less than 3% of renewable

electricity production.

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 A renewable ENERGY source
Hydropower

renewabl
is it e?
Why
The fall and
The water on movement of
• The sun provides the earth is water is part of
the water by a continuous
evaporation from
continuously natural cycle
the sea, and will replenished by called the
keep on doing so. precipitation. hydrologic
cycle.

Hydrologic Cycle

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 How Hydropower Works
Hydropower

Hydropower plants capture the energy of falling water

to generate electricity. A dam impounds water to form
a reservoir and raises the water level to create head.
Reservoir Turbine Power

Water from the Turbine is Power

reservoir flows connected to generated is
due to gravity to a generator.
transmitted over
drive the turbine.
power lines.

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 Attributes
Hydropower

Advantages :

Emissions-free, with virtually

no CO2,NOx, SOx, Scalable from 10 kWe
hydrocarbons, or particulates. to 10,000 MWe

Renewable resource with high Low operating and

conversion efficiency to maintenance costs
electricity ( 80+ %).
Dispatchable with storage Long lifetime –
capability. 50+ years typical

Usable for base load, peaking, Left as blank…

and pumped storage
applications

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 Attributes
Hydropower
Disadvantages :
Frequently involves impoundment
of large amounts
of water with loss of habitat due to
land inundation
Variable output – dependent
on rainfall and snowfall
Impacts on river flows and aquatic
ecology, including fish migration
and oxygen depletion
Social impacts of displacing
indigenous people
Health impacts in
developing countries
High initial capital
costs
Long lead time in
construction of
mega-sized projects
Left as blank…
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 Forms Of Hydropower
Hydropower

usually impacts which

referring to creates vortices
which can then
hydroelectric be tapped for
dams, or run- energy
of-the-river
setups.

Water Hydroelec Damless Vortex p

wheels tricity hydro ower

used for which

hundreds of captures the
kinetic energy
years to power in rivers,
mills and streams and
machinery oceans
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 Forms Of Hydropower
Hydropower

which
which uses captures the
kinetic energy
the energy from marine
in waves currents.

Wave pow Marine

Tidal Osmotic current
er
power power power

Ocean thermal ener

which which channels gy conversion
captures river water into a - which exploits the
energy from container separated temperature
the tides in from sea water by a difference between
horizontal semipermeable deep and shallow
direction membrane. waters.
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Hydropower Sizes of Hydropower
Plants
Pico HP - Up to 10kW, remote areas away from the grid

More than 100 MW feeding into

a large electricity grid Large

15 - 100 MW Medium
usually feeding a grid HP

Capacity above 1MW Mini HP

Small HP
Capacity 300kW to
1MW

Micro HP
Capacity
0kW to
300kW
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 Types Of Hydropower Plants
Hydropower

Hydro plants can be classified according to water

flow/storage characteristics

Impound Diversion Pump

ment storage

Types

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 Major Components…
Hydropower

Reservoir Water in the reservoir is located at the

height above the rest of the dam structure.

…built at location where the height of the

river is sufficiently high so as to get maximum Damn
possible potential energy from water.

Inlet Passages through which is conveyed from

water dam to power house.
ways
A building that houses turbines, generators Power-
and other auxiliaries . house

Trail A passage for discharging water leaving the

race turbine
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 Major Components…
Hydropower

Penstock -
closed pressure
pipes

Tunnel
Inlet water Tunnel – made
ways include … by cutting Spillways
mountains

Spillways -
provide discharge of
surplus water

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 Types of Hydro plant TURBINES
Hydropower

…contains a
runner that has
water passages Kaplan turbines
through it are well suited to
Pelton turbines formed by situations in
are suited to curved vanes or which there is a
high head, low blades having an low head and a
flow output of 750 large amount of
applications. MW. discharge.

Impulse Reaction Reaction

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Hydropower
Hydro Turbine Parameters
P = Power
Q = Rate of water flow
H Your
Add = head
Text
Discharge  = efficiency Efficiency

P=n xgxQxH POWER

Head Specific
Speed
N P
N s  5/ 4
H
N = Turbine speed
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 Cost
Hydropower

Hydropower is an efficient way to

Nuclear generate electricity.
Fossil
50% Modern hydro turbines can convert as
fuel
Natural the much as 90% of the available energy
40% cost into electricity.
gas the
of The best fossil fuel plants are only
25% cost
nucl about 50% efficient.
the of
ear
cost fossi
natur l fuel
al
gas

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 Hydroelectric Power Pant (Philippines)
Hydropower

Escudero Hydroelectric Power Plant

1. The First and Oldest

It was built in 1937. located at Villa
Escudero Tiaong, Quezon,
Philippines.
2. Purpose
it generated power for the Escudero
coconut plantation.

3. What else?
composed of 2 hydro units; a 75
kW (located below the 1937 unit) and
a
37.5 kW plant (located 700meters
down
river).
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 What’s inside?…(a closer look)
Hydropower

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 References
Hydropower

General Facts Video/animation OTHERS:

Philippine HP
•http://www.wiki •http://www.youtu •http://www.pei.net.p
01 pedia.org 07 be.com 13 h/escudero.html
•http://new.wvic.com/ind •http://www.eas.asu.e •http://www.jcmiras.n
02 ex.php? 08 du/~holbert/eee463/hy 14 et/surge/p77.htm
option=com_content&ta
droelectric.html
sk=view&id=7
•http://www.hydropower •http://www.ucopenaccess.org/co •http://www.power-
urses/APEnvSci/course
03 .org/publications/leaflets 09 %20files/multimedia/lesson68/an 15 technology.com/proje
_and_factsheets.html imations/4e_hydroelectric_power cts/sanlorenzo/
.html
•http://library.thinkquest.or •http://techalive.mtu.edu/ •http://www.napocor.
04 g/17658/hydro/hydhistoryht. 10 meec/demo/Hydroelectric 16 gov.ph
html Dam.html
•http://science.howstuff
•http://ga.water.usgs.gov/e •http://www.industcards.co
05 works.com/hydropower 11 du/hyhowworks.html 17 m/hydro-philippines.htm
-plant1.htm
•http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/k •http://earthguide.ucsd.ed •http://www.metts.com.au
06 ids/energy.cfm? 12 u/earthguide/diagrams/wa 18 /bataan-nuclear-ps.html
page=hydropower_home- tercycle/index.html
basics

Group 5
Greek
“Hydropower makes me
WET!”
“HyDrO”

Water

HYDROPOWER
Hydropower Impoundment
(storage/reservoir plant)

Impoundment HP Plant, Ashland, NH

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Hydropower Diversion
(Run-of-river plant)

Diversion HP plant, Campton, NH

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 Pump Storage Plant
Hydropower

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Hydropower
Hydro Plant: reservoir
Bersia
Kenyir

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Hydropower Hydro plant: Dams
Kenyir

Bersia

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Hydropower Hydro plant: Tunnel

Pergau

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Hydropower Hydro plant: Spillways

Pergau Temengor

Kenyir Group 5
Hydropower Hydro plant: Turbine-generator
Woh :
Generator

Pergau :
turbine pit

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Hydropower
Hydro plant: Pelton turbine

Sg. Piah

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Hydropower Hydro plant: Francis turbine

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Hydropower Hydro plant: Kaplan turbine

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 An overshot water wheel standing 42 feet
Hydropower
high powers the Old Mill at Berry College in
Rome, Georgia, USA. (waterwheel)

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Hydropower
The “Three Gorges Dam”, the largest hydro-
electric power station in the world.
(hydroelectricity)

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 The nation’s first commercial hydrokinetic
Hydropower
turbine has splashed into the waters of the
Mississippi River near Hastings, Minnesota. (damless
hydro)

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 An array of VIVACE converters on the ocean floor,
Hydropower
pioneered by a team at the University of Michigan
which stands for Vortex Induced Vibrations
Aquatic Clean Energy. (vortex power)

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 The world's first commercial axial turbine
Hydropower
tidal stream generator — SeaGen — in
Strangford Lough. The strong wake shows
the power in the tidal current. (tidal power)

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Hydropower

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Hydropower

Norwegian energy
utility Statkraft
build the world's
first osmotic power
plant, using the
natural process of
osmosis to produce
clean energy. The
plant works by
separating sea
water and fresh
water using a
membrane which
draws fresh sea
water through it,
increasing pressure
on one side to
produce power.
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(osmotic power)
 The HydroWing is a marine current turbine
Hydropower
power system which operates anchored,
submerged at a variable depth, and is capable of
operating in depths of up to 150 meters.

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Hydropower View of a land based OTEC facility at Keahole
Point on the Kona coast of Hawaii

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Hydropower

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 Other Existing HP plant
Hydropower

(Philippines)
Agus V

Agus II Maria Cristina

HP
Phils.

Agus VII

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 Other Existing HP plant
Hydropower

(Philippines)

Bacun AC
ILocus Norte

Casecnan River
Nueva Viscaya

HP
Phils.

Mahagnao
Burauen, Leyte

Pulangui IV
Bukidnon

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