Communication

Communication is………
 A process where by
information is enclosed in
a package and is
channeled and imparted
by a sender to receive via
some medium
 It requires a sender, a
message, and an intended
recipient.
 It also requires that all
parties have an area of
communicative
commonality
 It is derived from the word
Communis which means
‘common’. To communicate
means ‘to make common’ or
‘to make known’.
 Giving or exchanging of
information, signals, or
messages as by talk,
gestures, or writing.
 A passage or way for getting
from one place to another
 Emerging area of increasing
attention and study
 Oral
Communication

Definitions and Forms

Read:
Lina: Well my dear, remember, the Filipino’s strong family
ties… Have you ever discussed this with her?
Estella: Of Course! I have always been frank and direct with
her.
Lina: Then be patient! How often do you need to make a
report and have it typewritten
Estella: At least once a week, sometimes only twice a month
Lina: Oh, frequent enough, huh. Then why don’t you learn to
type, so you can do the typing yourself? Be more self-
reliant! Come on, wipe that frown off and smile. Then let’s
have an merienda at the canteen.
What is Oral Communication???
 is a process whereby
information is
transferred from a
sender to a receiver
 It is usually transferred
by both verbal means
and visual aid
throughout the process
 The speaker also facial
and bodily gestures.
 In oral communication, the
personality and his voice
become important
consideration between the
speaker and the audience.
 It is dependent upon a
number of factors such as
fluency in speech, the ease
with which a person carries
a conversation, adequary of
vocabulary, articulation and
pronunciations, the clarity of
the organization of the
ideas, the readiness to
bring into focus our store of
information and attitudes
about the topics that arise
in the discussion
 Forms of Oral
Communication
 Forms of Oral Communication
 Conversation  Colloquium or
 Making Seminar
Introductions  The Debate
 Telephone  Role Playing and
Conversation Sociodrama
 Interview  Radio Speaking
 Group and Television
Discussion  Motion Pictures
 Conversation
 Occurs more frequently than any other type
of speech situation
 One of the greatest pleasures in life and is
the basis of most of our personal
relationships
 Can be stimulating pastime, especially when
it deals with spirited discussions on current
issues and represents ma frank exchange of
ideas and opinions
 Good Conversationalist Characteristics
 Ability to say the right thing at the right
time and in the right way
 Pays careful attention to listeners
 Observes reactions to what he is
saying, senses the willingness of the
group to pursue a subject, and
observes the desire of others to speak
 Introduces a new topic if conversation
lags.
 Avoids dogmatic utterances and
unpleasant arguments which often
lead to heated remarks and frayed
tempers
 Frank and sincere but considerate and
tactful
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.’s Faults of Conversation

 Lack of Ideas
 Lack of Vocabulary
 Lack of Manners
 Lengthly arguments between
individuals with conflicting
opinions.
These defects can be remedied
through mastering skills:
 Listening
 Speaking
 Reading
 Oliver Wendell Homes, Sr.
 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. (August 29, 1809 – October 7, 1894) was
an American physician, professor, lecturer, and author. Regarded by his
peers as one of the best writers of the 19th century, he is considered a
member of the Fireside Poets. His most famous prose works are the
"Breakfast-Table" series, which began with The Autocrat of the
Breakfast- Table (1858). He is recognized as an important medical
reformer.
 His son: Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (March 8, 1841 – March 6, 1935)
was an American jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the
Supreme Court of the United States from 1902 to 1932. Noted for his
long service, his concise and pithy opinions, and his deference to the
decisions of elected legislatures, he is one of the most widely cited
United States Supreme Court justices in history, particularly for his “clear
and present danger" majority opinion in the 1919 case of Schenck v.
United States, and is one of the most influential American common law
judges. Holmes retired from the Court at the age of 90, making him the
oldest Justice in the Supreme Court's history. He also served as an
Associate Justice and as Chief Justice on the Supreme Judicial Court of
Massachusetts and was Weld Professor of Law at the Harvard Law
School, of which he was an alumnus.
 Making Introduction
Pointers in Making Introduction
Introduce:
 Men to Women
 All guests to Hostess
 Young persons to Older persons
 Unmarried woman to Married
woman
 Everyone to Clergyman
 Everyone to a Distinguished or
High Ranking Official
Things to Remember:
 Say the name of the underlined
persons first as these common
forms:
 Give some interesting item
about each person being
introduced. This helps to make
the meeting more pleasant,
avoids questions which may
prove embarrassing, and
provides a starting point for a
conversation
Telephone Conversation
 A telephone should be used to
accomplish a purpose quickly; it should
not be used for leisurely idle talk and
prolonged chats. Remember to make
your call brief and to the point.
 When you answer the phone, try to
save time by giving specific information.
 Directness is another must. Identify
yourself, listen politely to ask the
message, ask for a repetition if you
don’t understand, use paper and pencil
and record the information once
 Speak slowly and clearly in well-
modulated voice
 Interview
 Is a special type of
conversation in the business
world for which you usually
prepare in advance by
appointment
 Types of INTERVIEW
according to purpose:
1. Oral applications
2. Informational Interview
3. Persuasive Interview
Group Discussion
Purposes of Group
Discussion:
 To exchange
information and
ideas about a topic
 To find satisfactory
solutions to individual
and group problems.
 Types of Public Discussion
1. Single-leader type
– it is the most common
method. It generally
follows an important
speech delivered by a
distinguished guests.
– In an open-forum period,
members of the audience
may ask questions of the
speaker or may differ with
him on the topic discussed.
 The moderator may
preside over the meeting
or the may appoint a
leader who refers
questions to the speaker,
keep the discussion
orderly, give everyone a
chance to contribute,
prevent unpleasant
conflicts and summarize
the key points of the
discussion
2. Symposium
 Also called the Town Meeting Type
 In this type, the team of specialists- usually 4-
discusses various aspects of some important public
issue.
 The choice of a topic which will lend itself readily to
friendly, informative discussion- one upon which
there are legitimate differences of opinion, without
involving personal animosities is vital to the
success of the discussion.
 Some topics call for more research and
organization than others
 The talks are more formal than a panel discussion.
Guides For a Symposium
A. A chairman or moderator presides, and
several speakers, perhaps no more
than three or four, give individual
speeches. Each talk is limited to a
specific number of minutes.
B. The group meets to assign subtopics.
C. After each speaker does the necessary
research by reading or by interviews,
he writes out his talk and commits it to
his memory. He aims to remember all
his points well enough to present them
with only an occasional glance at his
written copy.
D. When the talks are given, the
chairperson presents each speaker
and topic in turn
Duties of the Moderator
Control the discussion on
the subject
Give everyone a chance to
speak
Keep the discussion moving
forward
Encourage a friendly spirit
Listen courteously to all
opinions and suggestions
Summarize the conclusions
of the group
3. The Panel or Round- Table type
 It is an Informal Type of speech activity.
 It differs from debate because:
– it proves that only one opinion is right and
all others is wrong
– there is no judge and there is no formal
decision.
 Its purpose is to train young people in
acquiring freedom and ease in speaking
before a group as well as to reach a better
understanding of the problem for
discussion.
 It involves a group of speakers literally sitting
along one side of a table or in a semi- circle facing
the audience with the chairman in the middle.
 The members should agree upon a definite
statement of the problem, and should break up the
topic into parts so that each person has a definite
assignment.
 Each panelist then prepares a discussion of one
phase of the question, or formulates questions
concerning various facets of the issue under
consideration.
Guides for a Panel Discussion
a.Choose a moderator or chairperson
and a few speakers, preferably no
more than six.
b.All the panel members meet to
select questions worth discussing
c.Each panel members jots down
ideas, preparing to express his
thoughts clearly and briefly on
every question.
d.During the panel discussion the
chairperson takes up each question
in turn, calling on every speaker
who has something to say about it.
e.After the discussion, the moderator
invites the audience to make
comments on any points covered.
 Colloquium or Seminar
 It is a conference of scholars, scientists, or
businessman gathered to discuss areas of common
interest or concern.
 Its purpose is to provide a climate where
colleagues in a profession can meet together and
share their professional knowledge and expertise
 Speakers are assigned to designated topics.
 After each talk, there are question and answer
sessions in which the speaker and the audience
share their experiences and make suggestions
towards enhancing the instructional program whose
ultimate goals are effectiveness and excellence.
Seminar Debate
 The Debate
The Formal Debate
 It is a deliberation of a public question in an
assembly. This form of group discussion is
governed by fixed rules and procedures.
 The proposition for debate is carefully worded to
avoid ambiguity.
 The opposing members are organized into teams,
each with a captain
 The speakers prepare their briefs consisting of the
argument proper with its main and sub issues,
followed by the presentation of evidence, proof
and authority.
– A time limit is imposed on
the speakers.
– Rebuttal speeches are
devoted to refuting opposing
arguments.
– In its end, a judge or board
of judges usually awards a
decision to the winning
team.
– It is less frequently resorted
to than the other discussion
forms since it has little
application to everyday life
 Role Playing and Sociodrama
 Sociodrama or Miniature
Play
– It enables young people to
understand the complexities
of human reactions and the
role that language plays in
working out solutions to
these problems.
– Through situation
enactment, they acquire
sensitivity to the way other
people feel and the manner
a situation might have been
handled differentially
through attitudes and
language.
• Role Play
 It is the best means to
understand how it feels
to step into somebody
else's shoes and be
someone else.
 The participants may
improvise and stimulate
life situations for
dramatization also as a
means to the enjoyment
and understanding of
literature.
Radio Speaking and Television
• The materials on radio and
television are varied in
appeal and are useful in the
development of oral
communication skills,
particularly listening and
speaking.
• In the classroom,
discussion of the relative
merit of various broadcasts
and telecasts gives
opportunities for oral and
written composition.
This media provides fine
opportunities to hear not only
commentators and news reports
but also dramas, lectures on
cultural subjects, readings, and
interpretations of great poetry
and prose, book reviews, and
criticisms on almost all types of
literature.
Enriches the study of grammar,
composition and literature.
 Nicholas Nickleby
 Motion Pictures
• It is a great aid in the
development of communication
skills although the field is more
limited than radio or television
• Class discussion on the
relative importance of various
types of motion pictures and
the comparison between movie
productions and the original
pieces of literature they
represent should lead to
keener appreciation of values
and a more discriminating
taste.
 ~The End~

Reported to:

Mr. Allan Ometer

Instructor- English II

Reported by: