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Sistem Harga
• Penjatahan Harga
• Alokasi sumber daya
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Penjatahan Harga
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Penjatahan Harga
• Penurunan pasokan
menciptakan kekurangan
di P0. Kuantitas yang
diminta lebih besar dari
kuantitas yang ditawarkan.
Harga akan mulai naik.
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Mekanisme Penjatahan Alternatif
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Mekanisme Penjatahan Alternatif
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Mekanisme Penjatahan Alternatif
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Mekanisme Penjatahan Alternatif
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Harga dan Alokasi Sumber Daya
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Analisis Penawaran dan Permintaan:
Biaya Impor Minyak
% A
e la s tic ity o f A w ith re s p e c t to B
% B
• Elastisitas harga permintaan mengukur
seberapa responsif konsumen terhadap
perubahan harga suatu produk.
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Elastisitas Harga Permintaan
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Elastisitas Ekstrim
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Elastisitas Permintaan Hipotetis
untuk Empat Produk
% CHANGE IN
% CHANGE QUANTITY
IN PRICE DEMANDED ELASTICITY
PRODUCT (% P) (% Qd) (% Qd/% P)
Insulin 10% 0% 0 Perfectly inelastic
Basic telephone service 10% -1% -0.1 Inelastic
Beef 10% -10% -1 Unitary elastic
Bananas 10% -30% -3 Elastic
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Menghitung Perubahan Persentase
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Menghitung Nilai Elastisitas
10 5 5
x 100% x 100%
% Qd (5 1 0 ) / 2 6 6 .7 %
7 .5 = 1 .6 7
% P 2 3 -1 - 4 0 .0 %
x 100% x 100%
(3 2 ) / 2 2 .5
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Menafsirkan Nilai Elastisitas
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Perubahan Elastisitas sepanjang Kurva
Permintaan Garis Lurus
• Elastisitas harga
permintaan menurun saat
kita bergerak ke bawah
sepanjang kurva
permintaan linier.
• Permintaan elastis di
bagian atas kurva
permintaan dan tidak
elastis di bagian bawah.
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Perubahan Elastisitas sepanjang Kurva
Permintaan Garis Lurus
• Sepanjang rentang
6.4
elastis, nilai elastisitas
lebih besar dari satu.
• Sepanjang rentang
.29 inelastis, nilai elastisitas
kurang dari satu.
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Elastisitas dan Total Pendapatan
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Determinan Elastisitas Permintaan
• Ketersediaan pengganti --
Permintaan lebih elastis ketika ada
lebih banyak barang pengganti.
• Pentingnya item dalam anggaran --
Permintaan lebih elastis ketika item
tersebut merupakan bagian yang lebih
signifikan dari anggaran konsumen.
• Jangka waktu -- permintaan menjadi
lebih elastis dari waktu ke waktu.
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Elastisitas Penting Lainnya
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Elastisitas Penting Lainnya
% c h a n g e in q u a n tity o f Y d e m a n d e d
c ro s s - p ric e e la s tic ity o f d e m a n d
% c h a n g e in p ric e o f X
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Elastisitas Penting Lainnya
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Elastisitas Penting Lainnya
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair