The ethical and ecological

environment International
business in action: Migration.
Legal structure
 Kelompok 1

Dian Christina Alieffira Raizha Chrisna Margareth

Beny C.Mahulae
Silalahi (Rai) Hutabarat
Agenda 01
Business Etchics
company illustration : Lapindo Brantas

for today Corporate Social Responsibility

02 Company illustration : Unilever

Legal Structure
03 company illustration : Lapindo Brantas

Migration
04 Company illustration : .
 Pengantar

● Kinerja sosial dan lingkungan suatu Perusahaan tidak kalah pentingnya bagi masyarakat
umum maupun customer daripada peran tradisionalnya dalam menghasilkan laba,
membayar pajak, dan mematuhi hukum.
● Konsumen percaya bahwa organisasi bisnis harus berperilaku dengan cara yang
bertanggung jawab secara sosial dan lingkungan dan harus bertanggung jawab atas
tindakan mereka di berbagai bidang, mulai dari melindungi kesehatan dan keselamatan
karyawan mereka, menghindari praktik bisnis yang tidak etis, hingga melindungi lingkungan
alam.
● Dalam bisnis, konsep seperti CSR perusahaan, responsivitas sosial, kinerja sosial
perusahaan, kewarganegaraan perusahaan, dan keberlanjutan perusahaan telah menjadi
relatif biasa, seperti halnya gagasan seperti etika rantai pasokan, pemasaran hijau, dan
akuntansi triple bottom line.
 Ethics and Business

● Tidak semua aspek etika bisnis tercakup dalam undang-undang pemerintah atau hukum yang berlaku,
seperti dalam kasus membayar upah rendah kepada pekerja yang memproduksi produk di negara lain.
Sama halnya tidak semua undang-undang yang mengatur perilaku individu atau organisasi mengangkat
apa yang akan dianggap sebagai masalah etika yang penting.
● Seperti yang disarankan Crane dan Matten (2016), etika bisnis pada dasarnya berkaitan dengan
masalah-masalah dalam bisnis yang tidak tercakup oleh hukum atau di mana tidak ada konsensus pasti
tentang perilaku yang 'benar' atau 'salah'.

● Jika perusahaan ingin menghindari risiko potensial yang ditimbulkan oleh kinerja etis yang buruk
dan/atau memanfaatkan peluang yang diantisipasi yang ditawarkan oleh sikap etis positif, Perusahaan
perlu menerapkan mekanisme yang tepat untuk mengelola etika. masalah yang dihadapi (misalnya
pernyataan nilai, kode etik, sistem tata kelola perusahaan yang kuat, sistem audit dan pelaporan yang
terakreditasi).
● Etika Bisnis dianggap dasar dari kesuksesan dalam suatu fungsi perubahan ( Shaw, 2009)
Bisnis tidak bebas dari nilai sosial, nilai moral atau nilai etika, Dalam menjalankan kegiatan bisnis
tidak dapat lepas sama sekali dari nilai sosial (memberikan bantuan tanpa pamrih), nilai moral dan
nilai etika yang dibutuhkan untuk mengatur kegiatan operasional perusahaan supaya tercipta
hubungan yang harmonis antara perusahaan dengan lingkungan

Aplikasi etika bisnis identik pengelolaan bisnis secara professional

A. Merasa ikut memiliki

B. Tekun, tabah dan ulet.
C. Memegang teguh komitmen moral khususnya faktor kejujuran, dalam pengertian tidak ada
unsur manipulasi dan KKN
D. Efektif dalam memanfaatkan sumberdaya secara optimal.
E. Didukung oleh tenaga ahli dan teknologi canggih.
F. Efisien dalam pengelolaan biaya.
G. Adanya transparansi dalam setiap penentuan kebijakan perusahaan. Misal: kebijakan dalam
hal pemberian apresiasi terhadap hak dan kewajiban karyawan yang berprestasi.

( Prihaningtyas, Etika Bisnis 2019)

 6 Prinsip Etika Bisnis
4. Prinsip Keadilan
1. Prinsip Otonomi Yang dimaksud dengan keadilan adalah
tercapainya keseimbangan antara hak dan
perusahaan secara bebas memiliki kewajiban ( dalam hal ini meliputi memberikan gaji
kewenangan untuk mengambil keputusan yang layak terhadap karyawan, harga yang layak
terhadap konsumen)
dan bertindak berdasarkan kesadarannya
sendiri tentang apa yang dianggapnya
baik.
5. Prinsip hormat pada diri
2. Prinsip Kejujuran sendiri
Prinsip yang paling mendasar dalam suatu perushaan Pelaku bisnis dituntut menjaga
yang mencakup seluruh stakeholder perushaan
(Karyawan , Pelanggan,. Pemasok, manajemen Pihak
nama baiknya atau nama baik
lain yang terkait dalam menjalin relasi bisnis) contonya perusahaannya
meliputi kontrak perjanjian kerja, penawaran barang
.

3. Prinsip tidak berniat 6. Prinsip saling menguntungkan

Jahat .
prinsip ini terutama mengakomodasi hakikat dan
tujuan bisnis. Karena sebagai produsen ingin
mendapatkan keuntungan dan sebagai konsumen
ingin mendapatkan barang dan jasa yang
memuaskan (dalam bentuk harga wajar, kualitas baik
dan pelayanan baik)
Contoh Kasus
Lapindo Brantas
Mei - 2006
 Lapindo Brantas
PT Lapindo Brantas diduga dengan sengaja “menghemat” biaya
operasional dengan tidak memasang casing pada sumur BPJ-1
sampai melebihi batas titik pengeboran untuk menghemat biaya
operasional sehingga memunculkan adanya semburan lumpur
panas
Kasus Etika
PT Lapindo Brantas melanggar etika secara hukum karena mereka
memanfaatkan jabatan yang dimiliki Aburizal Bakrie sebagai Mekokesra
Bisnis
untuk membuat kebijakan yang menguntungkan PT Lapindo brantas yaitu
dengan dikeluarkannya pasal 18 UU APBN-P2012 ( di mana area di luar
peta berdampak musibah lumpur Lapindo di Sidoarjo kini bisa dibayari
pemerintah lewat peraturan presiden.
Ganti Rugi yang belum tuntas sampai dengan detik ini
Corporate Social Responsibility
 CSR
● Gagasan CSR pada dasarnya berarti bahwa organisasi bisnis memiliki tanggung jawab yang lebih
dari sekadar mencari keuntungan dan mencakup kegiatan dan tindakan sukarela yang
mepengaruhi orang, komunitas mereka, dan lingkungan alam.

● Saat ini organisasi bisnis cenderung berfokus pada

manfaat strategis CSR, yaitu bagaimana bertindak
responsible / 'bertanggung jawab' dapat menghasilkan
keuntungan bagi bisnis baik dari sisi permintaan maupun
sisi penawaran (lihat misalnya McWilliams et al., 2006).

● Porter dan Kramer (2002) berpendapat bahwa perusahaan

dapat memperoleh keunggulan kompetitif dengan
berinvestasi dalam CSR, terutama jika tindakannya di
bidang ini menjadi bagian intrinsik dari bisnis dan strategi
diferensiasi perusahaan.
Di mana tanggung jawab sosial dan lingkungan
digambarkan sebagai sumber daya/kemampuan
organisasi yang dapat mengarah pada keunggulan
kompetitif yang berkelanjutan.
 CSR

https://www.unilever.com/planet-and-society/protect-and-regenerate-nature/
Syamni, G., Wahyuddin, , Damanhur, and Ichsan, (2018), "CSR and Profitability in IDX Agricultural Subsectors", Proceedings of MICoMS
2017 (Emerald Reach Proceedings Series, Vol. 1), Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 511-517.
https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-793-1-00034

CSR and Profitability in IDX Agricultural Subsectors

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of corporate

social responsibility (CSR) on profitability in agricultural sector companies,
especially the agricultural sub-sector in the Indonesia Stock Exchange
(IDX). These sub-sectors are designated as one sub-plantation group with
one value and another valuable sub-sector. This study uses secondary
data of financial statements for the period 2015–2016 accessed on the
following website: www.idx.co.id.

This research gave contribution that CSR was still hot topic for investors or
investor candidates when they invested in capital market such as
Indonesia stock exchange. This research showed that CSR effected on
Company profitability. CSR implementation is not only to give signal to
company in proving company profit but also as a communication with
Company’s Stakeholders.
The ‘environment’ as a business issue: the
emergence of corporate environmentalism
● Hawken (1996) telah menyarankan bahwa organisasi / komunitas bisnis berkontribusi terhadap
degradasi lingkungan dalam tiga cara utama:
○ Dengan apa yang dibutuhkan,
○ Dengan apa yang dibuat. (Produk)
○ Dengan apa yang disia-siakan. (Limbah)

● Worthington (2013) berpendapat bahwa tingkat kesadaran lingkungan perusahaan yang semakin
meningkat mulai muncul pada dekade penutupan abad kedua puluh dan dapat dikaitkan dengan
beberapa faktor kunci, termasuk penerbitan sejumlah buku berpengaruh (misalnya Silent Spring
karya Rachel Carson pada tahun 1962 ), serangkaian bencana ekologi profil tinggi (misalnya
pelepasan bahan kimia di pabrik Union Carbide di Bhopal pada 1980-an), penemuan ilmiah
(misalnya penipisan ozon) dan liputan media global tentang masalah lingkungan utama (misalnya
perubahan iklim).
Drivers of ‘green’ Business

● Pemerintah adalah aktor kunci dan pemangku kepentingan dalam external environment /
O lingkungan eksternal perusahaan. Tindakan dan keputusan Pemerintah dapat memainkan peran
formatif dalam mempromosikan bentuk pembangunan yang lebih berkelanjutan dan dalam
mendorong bisnis untuk meningkatkan kinerja lingkungan mereka – untuk mengatasi, pada
dasarnya, ketidaksempurnaan dalam sistem pasar, termasuk adanya eksternalitas negatif seperti
polusi (untuk diskusi lihat Worthington, 2013 ).
O
● Dalam hal perlindungan lingkungan, tiga pendekatan utama telah digunakan: legislasi dan
regulasi, instrumen berbasis pasar, dan kesepakatan sukarela.

● Tindakan yang diambil oleh bisnis untuk mengurangi dampak lingkungannya dihargai dengan
O pengurangan atau penghapusan hukuman finansial. Sebagai alternatif, organisasi dapat diberikan
keuntungan finansial dalam bentuk subsidi lingkungan atau jenis penghargaan fiskal lainnya
(misalnya pengurangan pajak perusahaan).
Economic Opportunities
Organisasi juga dapat berusaha untuk meningkatkan kinerja lingkungan mereka sebagai sarana
untuk mendapatkan keuntungan ekonomi dan komersial, dengan potensi peluang di kedua sisi
bisnis.
Mengurangi pemborosan dan secara umum meningkatkan efisiensi input faktor, sebagaimana
ditegaskan oleh konsep eco-efficiency dan akronim seperti Pollution Prevention Pays (PPP) dan
Waste Reduction Always Pays (WRAP);
Menciptakan peluang peningkatan pendapatan dengan mengembangkan produk dan proses
ramah lingkungan yang memungkinkan perusahaan menciptakan ceruk pasar dengan
membedakan penawarannya kepada konsumen yang mungkin bersedia membayar harga
premium;
Meningkatkan sumber daya dan kemampuan organisasi, termasuk reputasi perusahaan dengan
pemangku kepentingan eksternal dan kapasitasnya untuk berinovasi;
Mengelola risiko lingkungan saat ini dan masa depan (misalnya kecelakaan) dan peraturan
(misalnya undang-undang yang lebih ketat) dengan biaya yang terkait.
 LEGAL STRUCTURE

Jakarta, CNN Indonesia -- Sembilan tahun berlalu sejak semburan

lumpur pertama kali muncul di posisi 200 meter barat daya sumur
Banjarpanji-1 milik Lapindo Brantas Inc. pada 29 Mei 2006.
Semburan lumpur terus meluas dan menenggelamkan puluhan ribu
rumah, sekolah, kantor pemerintahan, masjid, pabrik, serta sawah
penduduk. (Baca: Hari Ini, Sembilan Tahun Sidoarjo Digempur
Lumpur)

Namun tak ada satu pun korporasi atau pengelola dari PT Lapindo
Brantas Inc. yang terkena jeratan hukum. Mahkamah Agung
menyatakan kasus lumpur Lapindo sebagai dampak bencana alam.
Pendapat serupa juga dipegang Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat RI.

Putusan bahwa kasus Lapindo terjadi akibat bencana alam itu,

menurut Deputi Pengendalian Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup
Kementerian Kehutanan dan Lingkungan Hidup Karliansyah,
membuat tindak pindana tak bisa dijeratkan atasnya .
Putusan-putusan hukum terkait bencana lumpur Sidoarjo:

Putusan MA tanggal 14 Desember 2007:

Gugatan uji materiil YLBHI atas Perpres
14/2007;

Putusan PN Jakpus 27 November 2007: Menolak

gugatan YLBHI: Pemerintah dan Lapindo tidak
terbukti melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum;

Putusan PN Jaksel 27 Desember 2007: Menolak

seluruh gugatan Walhi

utusan PT Jakarta 13 Juni 2008: Menguatkan putusan PN

Jakpus 27 Nopember 2007 bahwa adanya kejadian Lumpur
Sidoarjo karena kecenderungan gejala alam lebih dominan,
bukan kesalahan manusia;
Putusan-putusan hukum terkait bencana lumpur Sidoarjo:

Putusan PT Jakarta 27 Oktober 2008:

Menguatkan putusan PN Jaksel 27 Desember
2007: Semburan Lumpur panas di Sidoarjo
diebabkan fenomena alam;
Surat Panitera PN Jaksel 14 Januari 2009: yang
menyatakan masing-masing pihak tidak mengajukan
Kasasi, sehingga secara hukum Putusan PT Jakarta
27 Oktober 2008 mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap

Putusan Kasasi MA 3 April 2009: Menolak permohonan

Kasasi YLBHI , bahwa semburan lumpur merupakan
fenomena alam dan bukan kesalahan industri dan
putusan ini mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap
(inkracht);
Putusan-putusan hukum terkait bencana lumpur Sidoarjo:

Dikeluarkan SP3 (Surat Perintah Penghentian Penyidikan)

oleh Polda Jatim, 5 Agustus 2009: memperhatikan karena
tidak cukup bukti setelah empat kali berkas perkara
dikembalikan kejaksaan karena kepolisian tidak bisa
memenuhi petunjuk formil dan materiil serta memperhatikan
putusan perkara perdata yang sudah inkracht, yang pertama
antara Walhi dengan Pemerintah RI dan Lapindo dan yang
kedua antara YLBHI dengan Pemerintah RI dan Lapindo
maka pada para tersangka tidak diketemukan unsur
perbuatan melawan hukum dan perbuatan/peristiwa tersebut
bukan merupakan tindak pidana;

Sidang putusan Pengadilan Surabaya: Tanggal 30 Maret

2010, No: 07/PRAPER/2010/PN.SBY, menolak gugatan Pra
Peradilan atas putusan SP3 Polda Jatim, dengan
konsekuensi hukum: SP3 tersebut menjadi kokoh atas
putusan pengadilan tersebut, sehingga secara pidana,
Lapindo Brantas, Inc tidak bersalah.
 Migration

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Migas dan Pelayanan, Pengawasan dan Pengendalian
Sosial (P3S) melalui kontrak sesuai aturan yang ada KKKS
dan SKK Migas.

Pada kasus Lumpur Lapindo, 9 saksi ahli adalah staf PT Lapindo Brantas, 3 ahli dari luar PT Lapindo Brantas menyebutkan semburan lumpur terjadi karena kelalaian PT
Lapindo Brantas saat mengebor bumi.
Gugatan kalah karena para saksi ahli yang didatangkan lebih banyak mengatakan bahwa, bencana lumpur Lapindo ini disebabkan oleh faktor alam, bukan kesalahan penerapan teknologi
pengeboran.
CLOSING STATEMENT
 Summary
Bisnis tidak bebas dari nilai
sosial, nilai moral atau nilai etika.
Kemampuan sebuah organisasi
bisnis mengelola issue sosial dan
lingkungan akan membawa
manfaat bagi bisnis tersebut.

Perusahaan dapat memperoleh

keunggulan kompetitif dengan
Organisasi Bisnis merupakan suatu
berinvestasi dalam CSR
badan hukum. Suatu organisasi bisnis
harus patuh kepada undang-undang dan
hukum yang berlaku
 Legal Structure
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Legal Structures

Jakarta, CNN Indonesia -- Sembilan tahun berlalu sejak semburan lumpur pertama kali muncul di posisi
200 meter barat daya sumur Banjarpanji-1 milik Lapindo Brantas Inc. pada 29 Mei 2006. Semburan
lumpur terus meluas dan menenggelamkan puluhan ribu rumah, sekolah, kantor pemerintahan, masjid,
pabrik, serta sawah penduduk. (Baca: Hari Ini, Sembilan Tahun Sidoarjo Digempur Lumpur)

Namun tak ada satu pun korporasi atau pengelola dari PT Lapindo Brantas Inc. yang terkena jeratan
hukum. Mahkamah Agung menyatakan kasus lumpur Lapindo sebagai dampak bencana alam. Pendapat
serupa juga dipegang Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat RI.

Putusan bahwa kasus Lapindo terjadi akibat bencana alam itu, menurut Deputi Pengendalian
Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup Kementerian Kehutanan dan Lingkungan Hidup Karliansyah, membuat
tindak pindana tak bisa dijeratkan atasnya.
Legal Structures

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