Material Teknik Listrik

Pengantar Material Teknik Listrik

Material
 Material adalah sesuatu yang disusun/dibuat oleh bahan.
 Material digunakan untuk transportasi, rumah, pakaian,
komunikasi hingga makanan.
 Ilmu material/bahan merupakan pengetahuan dasar
tentang struktur, sifat-sifat dan pengolahan bahan.
Kenapa Perlu belajar Material
 Pemilihan material yang benar dari ribuan material
yang tersedia
 Mengetahui karakteristik material
 Kerusakan system selama dioperasikan karena
kesalahan pemilihan material
 Harga
Classification of Material
 Metal
 Ceramics
 Polymers
Jenis Material
 Logam (metal)
memiliki sifat : Kuat, ulet, mudah dibentuk dan
bersifat penghantar panas dan listrik yang baik
ada 2 jenis :
a. Ferrous (besi cor, baja,dll)
b. Non-ferrous (Tembaga, Alumunium,
perunggu dll)
Jenis Material
 Non-Logam
a. Keramik : Keras, getas dan penghantar panas
dan listrik yang buruk
b. Polimer : kerapatan rendah, penghantar
panas dan listrik buruk dan mudah dibentuk
c. Komposit : merupakan ganbungan dari dua
bahan atau lebih yang masing-masing sifat
tetap
Metal
 Metallic element ( iron, aluminium, copper, titanium,
gold and nickel)
 Non- metaliic element (carbon, nitrogen, oksigen)
Comparison based on relatively dense
(padatan)
Comparison based on relatively stiffness
(kekakuan)
Comparison based on temperature strength
(kekuatan temperatur)
Comparison based on resistant to fracture
(patahan)
Comparison based on electrical
conductivity (konduktivitas)
metal
metal
Ceramics
 Ceramics are compound between metallic and nonmetallic
element
 Oxides, nitrides and carbides
 Common ceramics materials include aluminum oxide (or
alumina, Ai2O3), silicon dioxide (or silica, SiO2), silicon
carbide (SiC), silicon nitride(Si3N4)
 Traditional ceramics : clay minerals (porcelain, cement and
glass)
 Relatively stiff and strong (figure 1.4 and figure 1.5)
 Susceptible to fracture (figure 1.6)
 Optical characteristics : transparent, translucent (tembus)
or opaque (buram)
Ceramics
Keramik
Polymers
 Polymers include the familiar plastic and rubber
materials
 The organic compounds : Carbon, Hydrogen and
nonmetallic element (O,N and Si)
 Familiar polymers are polyethylene (PE), nylon, poly
(vinyl chloride) PVC, Polycarbonate (PC) and silicone
rubber.
 Low density ( figure 1.3)
 Not stiff nor as strong as these other material types
(figure 1.4 and 1.5)
polymeric
Polimer
Composites
 A composite is composed of two or more individual
materials (metal, ceramics and polymers).
 The design goals of a composite is to achieve a
combination of properties that is not displayed by any
single material, to corporate the best characteristics of
each of the component materials.
 Represented by different combinations of metals,
ceramic and polymers
 Naturally occurring materials: wood
 Familiar composite : fiberglass (polymers materials)
 Relatively stiff, strong, flexible, a low density
composite
Advance Material
 Material that are utilized in high-technology (or high-
tech) applications are sometimes termed advance
material.
 Electronic equipment (camcorders, CD/DVD player
etc), computers, fiber optic system, spacecraft, aircraft
and military rocketry.
 Semiconductors and biomaterials
 IC, LCD (liquid crystal display, fiber optic
Semiconductors
 Intermediate between the electrical conductors (metal and
metal alloy) and insulators (ceramics and polymer).
 Integrated circuits and computer industries
Biomaterials
 Biomaterials are employed in components implanted
into the human body for replacement of diseased or
damaged body part
 Not produced toxic substance and must compatible
with body tissue (must not cause biological reactions)
 Metal, ceramics, polymers, composited,
semiconductors
Material of the future (smart materials)
 A group of new and state of the art materials now
being developed that will have a significant influence
on many of our technologies
 The adjective smart implies that material are able to
sense changes in their environments
 Component of smart material include some type of
sensor (that detect an input signal), and an actuator
(responsive and adaptive function)
Thank you