Heat capacity

DEFINITION OF HEAT
CAPACITY.

The specific heat capacity of a solid or liquid is

defined as the heat required to raise unit mass EQUATION
of substance by one degree of temperature

Heat capacity for

certain substances

Example of question
 Heat capacity

DEFINITION OF HEAT
CAPACITY.

Q= Heat supplied to substance,

m= Mass of the substance, EQUATION
c= Specific heat capacity,
T= Temperature rise.
Heat capacity for
certain substances

Example of question
 Heat capacity

Specific Heat Capacities of Some Substances

[C (J K-1 g-1 or J oC-1 g-1)]
DEFINITION OF HEAT
aluminium C = 0.90 water C= 4.18 CAPACITY.
ethanol
carbon C = 0.72 (ethyl C = 2.44
alcohol) EQUATION
copper C = 0.39 sulfuric C = 1.42
acid (liquid)
sodium
lead C = 0.13 chloride C = 0.85 Heat capacity for
solid certain substances.
potassium
mercury C = 0.14 hydroxide C = 1.18
solid
Example of question
 Heat capacity

DEFINITION OF HEAT
Calculate the amount of heat needed to CAPACITY.
increase the temperature of 250g of water from
20oC to 56oC. q = m x C x (Tf - Ti)
m = 250g
EQUATION
C = 4.18 J oC-1 g-1 (from table above)
Tf = 56oC
Ti = 20oC
q = 250 x 4.18 x (56 - 20) Heat capacity for
q = 250 x 4.18 x 36 certain substances.
q = 37 620 J = 38 kJ

Example of question.
 HEAT TRANSFER

Definition of
• Temperature is a measure of the temperature.
average amount of kinetic

Heat transfer
energy possessed by the
particles in a sample of matter. Conduction
The more the particles vibrate,
translate and rotate, the greater
the temperature of the object. Convection

• It is the temperature difference

Radiation
between the two neighboring
objects that causes this heat
transfer. The heat transfer
continues until the two objects
have reached thermal
equilibrium and are at the same
temperature
 HEAT TRANSFER

Definition of
• Conductive heat flow temperature.
involves the transfer of

Heat transfer
heat from one location Conduction
to another in the
absence of any material Convection
flow. There is nothing
physical or material
Radiation.
moving from the hot
water to the cold water.
Only energy is
transferred from the hot
water to the cold water
 HEAT TRANSFER

Definition of
• The net effect of these temperature.
elastic collisions is that

Heat transfer
there is a transfer of Conduction
kinetic energy across the
boundary to the Convection
particles on the opposite
side. The more energetic
Radiation.
particles will lose a little
kinetic energy and the
less energetic particles
will gain a little kinetic
energy
 HEAT TRANSFER

Definition of
• In conduction, there is no temperature.
net transfer of physical

Heat transfer
stuff between the objects. Conduction
Nothing material moves
across the boundary. The
Convection
changes in temperature
are wholly explained as
the result of the gains and Radiation.
losses of kinetic energy
during collisions.

• Heat transfer through

solids occurs by
conduction.
 HEAT TRANSFER

Definition of
• Convection is the temperature.
process of heat

Heat transfer
transfer from one Conduction
location to the next by
the movement of Convection.
fluids.
• The moving fluid Radiation
carries energy with it.
The fluid flows from a
high temperature
location to a low
temperature location.
 HEAT TRANSFER

• So as the water at the bottom of the Definition of

pot becomes hot, its density temperature.
decreases. Differences in water

Heat transfer
density between the bottom of the
pot and the top of the pot results in Conduction
the gradual formation of circulation
currents. Hot water begins to rise to
the top of the pot displacing the Convection.
colder water that was originally
there. And the colder water that was
present at the top of the pot moves Radiation
towards the bottom of the pot where
it is heated and begins to rise.

2 Types of convection:
1) Natural convection
2) Force convection.
 HEAT TRANSFER

Definition of
• Radiation is the transfer of heat temperature.
by means of electromagnetic

Heat transfer
waves. To radiate means to
send out or spread from a Conduction
central location.
• All objects radiate energy in the
form of electromagnetic waves. Convection.
The rate at which this energy is
released is proportional to the
Kelvin temperature (T) raised to Radiation
the fourth power.

• Radiation rate = k•T4

• The hotter the object, the more
it radiates. The sun obviously
radiates off more energy than a
hot mug of coffee
 HEAT TRANSFER

• The energy radiated from an object

is usually a collection or range of Definition of
wavelengths. This is usually referred temperature.
to as an emission spectrum

Heat transfer
Conduction
• Hotter objects tend to emit shorter
wavelength, higher frequency
radiation
Convection.
• Thermal radiation is a form of heat
transfer because the
electromagnetic radiation emitted Radiation
from the source carries energy
away from the source to
surrounding (or distant) objects.
This energy is absorbed by those
objects, causing the average kinetic
energy of their particles to increase
and causing the temperatures to
rise.