Wanda Rosali - Gabungan Referat & Case Report Carsinoma Gallbladder
Wanda Rosali - Gabungan Referat & Case Report Carsinoma Gallbladder
05 STAGING
01 EPIDEMIOLOGI
03 07 TATALAKSANA
ANATOMI
Keganasan ke-5
tersering pada GI (USA)
Rata-rata usia
Di atas 50 tahun atau
lebih
Wanita lebih banyak
dibanding pria
DEFINISI &
ETIOLOGI
DEFINISI
Merupakan kanker yang berasal dari kandung
empedu.
ETIOLOGI
-Riwayat batu empedu dan inflamasi kronik
-Kalsifikasi kandung empedu, polip kandung
empedu, kista bilier kongenital
-Daerah endemic salmonella typhi dan helicobacter
-Karsinogen metyldopa, konrasepsi oral,
isoniazid, dan paparan radiasi, gaya hidup
(merokok, obesitas, asupan karbohidrat tinggi )
ANATOMI KANDUNG
EMPEDU
Kandung empedu berbentuk seperti kantong,
organ berongga yang panjangnya sekitar
10cm
Terletak dalam suatu fosa yang menegaskan
batas anatomi antara lobus hati kanan dan
kiri
Bagian ekstrahepatik dari kandung empedu
ditutupi peritoneum.
Kandung empedu mempunyai fundus,
korpus, infundibulum, dan kolum
GEJALA KLINIS
Kanthan, R., Senger, J.-L., Ahmed, S., & Kanthan, S. C. (2015). Gallbladder Cancer in the 21st Century.
Journal of Oncology, 2015, 1–26. doi:10.1155/2015/967472
PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG
RADIOLOGI LABORATORIUM
Pemeriksaan laboratorium :
1. Ultrasound
2. CT Scan memeriksa dengan jelas ada
3. MRI tidaknya peningkatan hasil
4. MRCP (Mangnetik resonance tumor marker dapat membantu
cholangiopancreatography) untuk mendiagnosis ca.
Kanthan, R., Senger, J.-L., Ahmed, S., & Kanthan, S. C. (2015). Gallbladder Cancer
in the 21st Century. Journal of Oncology, 2015, 1–26. doi:10.1155/2015/967472
Figure 13. Squamous cell carcinoma in a 64-year old woman.
(a) Transverse sonogram shows diffuse and irregular hyperechoic thickening of the gallbladder wall
(arrows), which is contiguous with the adjacent liver parenchyma. There is a shadowing gallstone
within the residual gallbladder lumen.
(b) Autopsy photograph of the liver and gallbladder (posterior view) shows direct invasion of carcinoma
into the adjacent liver parenchyma. The gallstones are enveloped by carcinoma.
(c) Autopsy photograph of the heart (cut specimen) shows hematogenous myocardial metastases.
Figures 14, 15. (14) Poorly differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma in
a 45-year-old man. (a) Transverse sonogram shows an irregularly
marginated hypoechoic mass in the gallbladder fossa. The mass is
contiguous with the liver, and there is shadowing emanating from the
mass and a large amount of ascites. (b) Axial contrast-enhanced CT
scan shows a hypoattenuating mass in the gallbladder fossa with
extension into the adjacent liver. Ascites and omental metastases
(arrowhead) are present. (15) Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in a
67-year-old man. (a) Longitudinal sonogram shows heterogeneous,
hypoechoic, diffuse thickening of the gallbladder wall. There is
peripancreatic lymphadenopathy () posterior to the gallbladder. (b) Axial
contrast-enhanced CT scan shows diffuse gallbladder wall thickening
with a hypoattenuating mass extending into the adjacent liver
parenchyma. There is a large peripancreatic lymph node (arrow).
Figure 16. Moderately well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in a 55-year-old man. (a) Transverse sonogram
shows a well-defined, sessile hyperechoic mass along the medial gallbladder wall with adjacent focal wall
thickening (arrow) and pericholecystic fluid. (b) Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan shows the soft-tissue mass
with focal wall thickening, extension beyond the gallbladder wall (arrow), and pericholecystic fluid.
Figure 18. Squamous cell carcinoma in a 53-year-old woman. (a) Axial T1-weighted MR image shows an
irregular hypointense mass within the gallbladder (arrow). (b) Gadolinium-enhanced axial T1-weighted
image shows irregular enhancement of the gallbladder carcinoma (arrow). (c) Multiplanar gradient-echo
coronal image shows the hypointense gallbladder carcinoma invading the extrahepatic bile duct (arrow).
Figure 20. Intrahepatic and periportal extension of adenocarcinoma in a 53-year-old woman. (a) Axial contrastenhanced
CT scan shows intrahepatic extension of a gallbladder carcinoma, hepatoduodenal ligament spread, and periportal
lymphadenopathy (arrows). On a more superior section (not shown), there was bile duct dilatation. (b) ERCP image shows
a focal common bile duct stricture from periductal tumor extension.
TATALAKSANA
PEMERIKSAAN LOKALIS
Distensi perut sisi kanan, nyeri (-), massa keras sekitar 20×8 cm memanjang
dari hipokondrium kanan ke fossa iliaka kanan, batas atas-bawah tidak
teraba, mobile (+), massa keras terletak dekat dengan hepar, hepar tidak
teraba membesar, tidak teraba nodul pada permukaan hepar, asites (-).
PEMERIKSAAN LABORATORIUM
Liver function test dbn, CA 19.9 11 units/ml (normal 0-37 units/ml)
PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG (USG)
Fig. 1 CT scan (coronal plane) showing large Fig. 2 CT scan (transverse plane)
GB reaching towards showing thickened irregular GB
pelvis wall
PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG (MRCP)
CT-Scan massa kandung empedu fokal yang terpisah, penebalan dinding fokal
yang tidak teratur, infiltrasi struktur sekitarnya
Gallbladder cancer memiliki prognosis yang lebih baik jika didiagnosis dan terapi
lebih awal seperti pada stadium 1 atau 2.
Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Miller D, Brest A, Yu M, Ruhl J, dkk. Ulasan Statistik Kanker, 2016,
Institut Kanker Nasional. Betesda.
Tian Y, Liu L, Yeolkar NV, Shen F, Li J, He Z. Peran diagnostik pementasan laparoskopi dalam subset kanker
empedu: meta-analisis. ANZ J Surg. 2017;87(1–2):22–7.https://doi.org/10.1111/ans.13762
Gupta P, Meghashyam K, Marodia Y, Gupta V, Basher R, Das CK, dkk. Kanker kandung empedu stadium
lanjut secara lokal: tinjauan kriteria dan peran pencitraan. Radiol Perut (NY).
2020.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-020- 02756-4
TERIMAKASIH