ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND

BUSINESS OBLIGATION

INC
GUNTUR
PUTTU GURU
PRASAD
ENVIRONMENT

 The environment may be defined as our

physical and biological system in which man
and organisms live as a whole and these
systems have many interacting capacities.
Therefore, damage to any one of them
damages the environment. it has a adverse
effects on flora, fauna and human health
FOUR SEGMENTS
ENVIRONMENT

 Atmosphere- the layer of the air present around the

earth. It plays an important role in maintaining the
heat balance on the earth.
 Hydrosphere- water occupies 4/5 of the earth
surface is called hydrosphere.
FOUR SEGMENTS
ENVIRONMENT

 Lithosphere- the layers of the earth is call

lithosphere. it contains minerals ,oils etc.,
 Biosphere – all the living organisms like plants,
animals and human beings constitute the biosphere.
The levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide depend on
the plants present in the biosphere
SOURCES,CAUSES,EFFECTS

 Allthe four segments of the environment

help living organisms in various ways to
survive on the earth.
 Deforestation, urbanization, industrialization,
population, depletion of natural resources are
the main reasons for pollution
CAUSES OF POLLUTION

 NATURAL CAUSES
 MAN- MADE CAUSES
KINDS OF POLLUTION

 Air pollution, water, sound, land, solid waste,

oil, nuclear, thermal, acid rains, depletion of
ozone layer, green house effect, global
warming
Tortious liabilities of pollution

 Nuisance, trespass, negligence, strict liability,

absolute liability, no fault liability, vicarious
liability
STRICT LIABILITY

 Rayland Vs Fletcher
 Under this rule the defendant is liable for the
harm even though the same is unintentional
and also with out negligence on part of the
dependent.
STRICT LIABILITY
 The rule is , if a person brings on his land
any thing which is likely to do mischief if it
escapes, he will be prima facie answerable
for the damage caused by its escape though
he had not been negligent.
 The rule is applicable not only when there
has been collection of water, yew trees,
sewages, explosives, noxious fumes and
rusty wires
ABSOLUTE LIABILITY

 The supreme court in M.C.Mehta Vs Union of

India recognized another rule- rule of
absolute liability in which the liability was
absolute more stringent than that under the
strict liability rule, and not subject to
exceptions to the rule in Rayland Vs Fletcher
REMEDIES

 Damages
 Injunction
 Abatement
APPLICABILITY OF CRIMINAL LAW

 The Indian penal code,1890 identifies various

acts affecting the environment as offences,
they are
 Public nuisance act
 Negligent act
 Malignant act
 Fouling act
ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS

 The water act,1974

 The air act, 1981
 Forest conservation act, 1980
 The wild life act, 1972
 The hazardous wastes rules, 1989
 Constitution of India-
Articles19,21,47,48a,51a