ANOREXIA

NERVOSA
A Hard Habit to Break!
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 What is Anorexia Nervosa?
• Anorexia nervosa, in the most simple terms, is self-
starvation.
• Anorexics feel there is a serious disturbance in the
way they feel about food, weight, and body image.
• Anorexics are also often characterized as stubborn,
vain, appearance-obsessed people who simply do not
know when to stop dieting.
 How do Anorexics see life?
• Food and eating dominate the life of a person with anorexia
nervosa.
• Body weight and shape become the main or even sole
measures of self-worth.
• Maintaining an extremely low weight becomes equated with
beauty, success, self-esteem, and self-control and is not seen
as a problem.
• People with an eating disorder think about food, weight, and
body image constantly.
 What causes Anorexia
Nervosa?
• Cultural pressures
• Psychological issues
• Family environment
• Genetic factors
• Life transitions
• Perpetuating factors
 Cultural Pressures
• In many societies, being extremely thin is the standard of
beauty for women and represents success, happiness,
and self-control.
• Women are bombarded with messages from the media
that they must diet to meet this standard. However, this
idealized ultra-thin body shape is almost impossible for
most women to achieve since it does not fit with the
biological and inherited factors that determine natural
body weight.
 Psychological Issues
• Psychological characteristics that can make a
person more likely to develop anorexia nervosa
include:
• Low self-esteem
• Feelings of ineffectiveness
• Poor body image
• Depression
• Difficulty expressing feelings
• Rigid thinking patterns
• Need for control
• Perfectionism
• Physical or sexual abuse
 Family Environment
Some family styles may contribute to the development
of anorexia nervosa. Families of people with the disorder
are more likely to be:

• Overprotective
• Rigid
• Suffocating in their closeness

In these cases, anorexia nervosa develops as a struggle

for independence and individuality. It is likely to surface
in adolescence when new demands for independence
occur.

• Overvaluing appearance and thinness

• Criticizing a child's weight or shape
• Being physically or sexually abusive
 Genetic Factors
• Anorexia nervosa occurs eight times more often
in people who have relatives with the disorder.
However, experts do not know exactly what the
inherited factor may be.
• In addition, anorexia nervosa occurs more often
in families with a history of depression or alcohol
abuse.
 Life Transitions
Life transitions can often trigger anorexia
nervosa in someone who is already vulnerable
because of the factors described above.
Examples include:
• Beginning of adolescence
• Beginning or failing in school or at work
• Breakup of a relationship
• Death of a loved one
• Dieting and losing weight can also set off
anorexia nervosa
 Perpetuating Factors
• Once anorexia nervosa has developed, several
factors can perpetuate the disorder. These
factors include:
• Symptoms of starvation
• Other people's reactions to the weight loss
• Emotional needs filled by feelings of self-control,
virtue, and power from controlling one's weight
• The resulting cycle makes it more difficult to stop
the disorder and become healthy again.
The resulting cycle makes it more difficult
to stop the disorder and become healthy
again.
 What Health Problems Can cause
Anorexia Nervosa
Problems associated in weight loss include lowering of:
• Heart rate
• Blood pressure
• Breathing rate
• Body temperature (which may result in feeling cold)
Other Physical problems include:
• Thinning or drying of the hair “Lanugo" hair (a fine hair
that develops on the face, back, or arms and legs)
• Dry skin
• Restlessness and reduced sleep
• Yellowish color on the palms of the hands and soles of
the feet
• Lack of or infrequent menstrual periods
• Death!
 Facts about Anorexia Nervosa
• About 90% to 95% are females between
ages 13 and 30. However, anorexia
nervosa can also occur in males and
people of all ages.
• Although anorexia nervosa is most
common in the white upper and middle
class, it occurs in people of all racial,
ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds.
 Anorexia Facts Cont…
• People in certain occupations that emphasize leanness
to improve performance and appearance are at
increased risk for developing anorexia nervosa. These
include dancers, gymnasts, figure skaters, runners,
wrestlers, cheerleaders, sorority girls, and models.
Celebrities battling the disease
Anorexia Nervosa
 Reflection Questions
• Do you compare yourself to magazines,
celebrities, actors, or models?
• When you do, do you think about it all day?
• Do you think the media plays a huge part in the
role of eating disorders today? Why?
• Do you think someone can cure themselves
from Anorexia?
• What do you think can be done to help with the
increase in eating disorders?
HOW TO PREVENT?????
 The main physical problems
• Starvation;
• Dehydration;
• Muscle and cartlidge deterioration;
• Osteoporosis;
• Irregular or abnormally slow heart rate;
• Heart failure.
 Hospitalisation

If the patients life is in

danger.

• Constant supervision;
• Monitoring vitals;
• Parenteral (intervenuous) feeding.
 Treatment team
• Doctors;
• Psychologists; !
• Psychiatrists;
• Psychiatry nurses;
• Social workers; TEAM WOR!
• Physiotherapist;
• Occupational therapist;
• Dietitian;
• Nutritionists;
• Nurses;
• Caretakers;
• Health visitors.
 Pro ana and wannarexia
• Pro-ana is a group of
people who promote
and support anorexia as
a lifestyle.

• Wannarexia is a group
of people who claim to
have anorexia or they
would like to have.
 What is well – being?

Definition of well –
being?

“Well being is a state of

being satisfied with
different aspects of life
(job, relationships,
finances,freedom,
quality of life,...).” (Diener)
 REFERENCES
1. Boston College Counseling Services, “Anorexia”, February 8, 2005
http://www.brown.edu/Student_Services/Health_Services/Health_Education/nutriti
on/ec_anorexia.htm

2. Novak, Gary “The Psychology of Anorexia” http://nov55.com/hea/anorex.html

3. “Anorexia” , © 1998 – 2006 by the Rectors and Visitors of the University of Virginia
http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/uvahealth/adult_pediatrics/anorexia.cfm

4. “Eating Disorders”, South Carolina Department of Mental Health, April 11, 2006

5. “Anorexia – Easy to Read” WomensHealth.gov , U.S. Department of Health and

Human Services
http://www.4woman.gov/faq/easyread/anorexia-etr.htm