Artifical Neural

Network to Analyze
Capacitor Bank
Switching
Overvoltage
 Anggota kelompok
Muhammad Yusril Hafidh
(185060307111014)

Firly Azka Nurhidayah

(185060301111038)

Rifdillah Zulafa
(185060301111040)
 
Kapasitor Bank
Bank kapasitor (Capacitor Bank)
adalah peralatan yang digunakan
untuk memperbaiki kualitas
pasokan energy listrik di sisi
beban antara lain memperbaiki
mutu tegangan, memperbaiki
factor daya (cos φ) dan
mengurangi rugi rugi transmisi.
 Elemen Kapasitor
Elemen kapasitor
merupakan bagian terkecil
dari kapasitor yang berupa
belitan aluminium foil dan
plastic film.
Bagian bagian dari
Kapasitor
Unit Kapasitor
Unit kapasitpr terdiri dari
elemen elemen kapsitor yang
dihubungkan dalam suatu
matriks secara seri dan
parallel. Elemen kapasitor
dihubungkan secara seri
untuk membangun tegangan
dan dihubungkan secara
parallel untuk membangun
daya (VAR) pada unit
kapasitor. Unit kapasitor
dilengkapi dengan resistor
yang berfungsi sebagai
elemen pelepasan muatan
kapasitor (discharge device).
 Jenis jenis kapasitor

01 Kapasitor gandeng

Kapasitor pembagi tegangan 02

03 Kapasitor daya

Kapasitor filter 04
05 Kapasitor perata
 Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
atau Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan
merupakan sebuah teknik atau
pendekatan pengolahan informasi
yang terinspirasi oleh cara kerja
sistem saraf biologis, khususnya
pada sel otak manusia dalam
memproses informasi. Elemen
kunci dari teknik ini adalah struktur
sistem pengolahan informasi yang
bersifat unik dan beragam untuk
tiap aplikasi.

Artificial Neural
Network (ANN)
Sistem Pengisian pada
Kapasitor (Capacitor
Charging)
Bila arus berada pada nilai
maksimumnya dan positif, beda
potensial adalah nol. Bila
berkurang menjadi nol, beda
potensial mencapai nilai
maksimumnya. Pada
pengosongan, arus naik dengan
cepat kenilai yang sama seperti
pada pengisian, tetapi mengalir
dalam arah yang berlawanan.
Dan turun menuju nol jika beda
potensial turun menjadi nol
Hubungan
Kapasitor
Bank
Penempatan
Kapasitor Bank
Penenpatan kapasitor dikenal
dengan 2 metode yaitu (Longland
T, 1984: 137)

• Individual
methode

• Group methode
Saklar posisi 1 PD Orde 2:

 
L
  A

Maka S1,2 =
Atau S1,2 =
Saklar posisi 2

Didapatkan:

a. Untuk α2 > 𝜔0, merupakan

kondisi overdamped.
Arus
b. Untuk α = 𝜔0, merupakan
kondisi criticallydamped.
c. Untuk α2 < 𝜔0, merupakan
kondisi underdamped.
Tanggapan
Alamiah
 Inrush Current
Besarnya lonjakan arus yang pertama kali muncul pada rangkaian, saat
rangkaian terhubung dengan beban

Tegangan dan Pemasangan

arus inrush saat kapasitor tunggal
pengisian dan rangkaian
kapasitor tunggal ekivalennya

Menghitung inrush current pada kondisi pertama Menghitung inrush current pada kondisi berikutnya Tingkat perubahan arus inrush terhadap waktu

2𝜋 𝑓 𝐼𝑖
ii max =
i i peak = 13556
  𝑑𝑖
𝑑𝑡
=
𝑖
6
A /µ s
fi = fs kHz 10
fi =
 Over Voltage
Switching
Kapasitor Bank
Capacitor bank switching dapat mengakibatkan dampak negatif
pada kualitas daya yaitu mengakibatkan transient overvoltage
yang dapat merusak peralatan sistem distribusi listrik.
Terjadinya transient overvoltage yang yang tajam ini
diakibatkan short circuit yang terjadi pada saat pelepasan
muatan pada kapasitor selama pengisian. Selama terjadi
perubahan tegangan yang disebabkan oleh switching kapasitor
bank on dan off pada sistem akan dihasilkan ripple effect yang
akan berosilasi sampai keadaan steady state
Salah satu hal yang di fokuskan pada pemulihan system daya
adalah terjadinya tegangan lebih yang disebabkan oleh
peralihan dari beban ringan dari transformator pada ujung jalur Overvoltage menyebabkan kegagalan arrester
transmisi.
melindungi sistem dan memperlama pemulihannya.
 factor penyebab harmonisasi tegangan berlebih

rekuensi resonansi dari sebuah jaringan

Karakteristik saturasi pada trafo

Faktor peredam, termasuk losses dan

beban yang terpasang

Fluksi remanen di pusat trafo

Level tegangan pada ujung line EHV

(Extra High Voltages)

Waktu penutupan pole circuit breaker

 Arus rms kapasitor bank yang mengalir pada kapasitor merupakan arus nominal
yang dipengaruhi oleh 3 faktor: (IEEE Std C37.012-2005: 32-33):
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Faktor tegangan, untuk menghitung

kapasitansi dari kapasitor bank pada
tegangan yang digunakan,

Toleransi pada kapasitor adalah 0 sampai

15 % atau rata-rata lebih dari 0 sampai 5%.
Komponen harmonisa: kapasitor yang mempunyai
impedansi yang kecil menyebabkan mengalirnya
arus harmonisa pada rangkaian.
Single line
Pemasangan
kapasitor bank
pada
suatu system
Faktor - faktor dari magnitude dan frekuensi pada
overvoltage transien akibat adanya kapasitor bank

1 Tegangan pada kapasitor bank bus sebelum switching

Pengisian pada kapasitor bank ketika closing

2
instant

3 Sudut switching pada kutub circuit breaker

4 Kapasitas kapasitor bank

Tegangan pada kapasitor bank sebelum switching
overvoltage (a) puncak dan (b) durasi
Kapasitas kapasitor bank ketika overvoltage (a) puncak (b)
durasi
Sudut switching pada circuit breaker ketika overvoltage (a)
puncak (b) durasi
Sampai sini
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Arus Tanggapan Alamiah
Gejala Peralihan adalah gejala yang terjadi pada
rangkaian elektrik, pada saat sumber tegangan / arus
sampai mencapai keadaan tetap / tunak (steady state)

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