Development (R&D)
Andi Fadllan
Dosen Pendidikan Fisika
Fak. Sains dan Tekonologi UIN Walisongo Semarang
Outline
01 Background
02 Concept
03 Models
04 Examples
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Why R & D?
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Why R & D?
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Why R & D?
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Why R & D?
Why R & D?
Why R & D?
• R & D merupakan ujung tombak industri dalam
menghasilkan produk-produk baru yang dibutuhkan pasar.
Hampir 4% biaya produksi digunakan untuk penelitian dan
pengembangan, bahkan lebih dari 4% untuk industri
farmasi dan komputer (Borg and Gall).
• Dalam bidang sosial dan pendidikan, peranan R & D masih
sangat kecil (kurang dari 1% dari biaya pendidikan secara
keseluruhan).
Research and experimental
development (R&D) is a creative and
systematic work undertaken in order to
increase the stock of knowledge –
including knowledge of humankind,
culture and society – and to devise new
applications of available knowledge.
What’s R &
(Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1970)
D?
The Activity of R & D
●● novel
●● creative
●● uncertain
●● systematic
●● transferable and/or reproducible
The Types of Activity
• Basic research is experimental or theoretical work
undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the
underlying foundations of phenomena and observable
facts, without any particular application or use in view.
01 02 03
R & D Stages
Tahap I Tahap II Tahap III
Model Lainnya
Model Borg & Gall Model 4D You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique zing
and appeal to your Presentations.
Model ini
dikembangkan pertama
kali tahun 1983
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Model 4D
Model ADDIE