ROBOTICS & APPLICATIONS

By E . Deepika Druv
Definition of Robot:

An automatic device that perform

functions normally ascribed to humans
or a machine in the form of a human.
Robots exhibit three key elements:

Ø Programmability

ØMechanical capability

ØFlexibility
History:

Isaac Asimov R.U.R Karel Capek

Jacques de Vaucanson in the 1738
Robotics and A.I.:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the area of computer science
focusing on creating machines that can engage on
behaviours that humans consider intelligent.

An artificial Intelligence and robotics major will

include math and computer science covering the
basics of programming languages, algorithm design,
operating systems, data structures, logic, and
probability theory and statistics. Finally, as with
most experimental sciences, they also cover ethics
and philosophy.
The Laws of Robotics:

Zeroth Law:
A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come
to harm.
First Law:
A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being
to come to harm, unless this would violate the Zeroth Law of Robotics.
Second Law:
A robot must obey orders given it by human beings, except where such orders
Would conflict with the Zeroth or First Law.
Third Law:
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict
with the Zeroth, First, or Second Law.

These laws are revised depending on the applications such as for military purpose
etc.
Robot Hardware:

§Sensors
§Effectors
§Movement
§Robot power generation
 Sensors:
Active Sensor:

Radar Sensor
Sonar Sensor

Laser Sensor
vPassive Sensors:

Passive sensors
like cameras
,capture signals
from the external
source in the
environment.
Degree of Freedom:
Movement:
vEffectors or actuators
Robot Power Generation:
The three important things the power generation
circuit of robot should do are:
1. Regulate at set voltage
2. Supply a minimum required amount of power
3. Allow for additional features based on application.
Robot Software:

•A simple test program written in C for an RCX with a motor connected to output port
number one could look like this:
• void main () // main program
• {
• motor(1,100); // turn motor # 1 on at 100% force
• sleep(2.0); // let the motor run for 2 seconds
• ao(); // all off: turn off all equipment
• }
•Thus, motor number one will go at full speed for two seconds before being turned off
along with everything else on the RCX.
Working of Robot:

Block diagram of working of robot

 Modern Robots:
qMobile Robots
qIndustrial Robots
qService Robots
qMilitary Robots
qTelerobot
qBEAM Robot
qHumanoid Robot
qMicrobot
Mobile Robots: Industrial Robots:

qService Robots:
Military Robots: Telerobot

qBEAM Robot:
qHumanoid Robot: qMicrobot
Conclusion:

There are many research areas associated with the field

of robotics which aids in bringing an improvement in
the present technologies, and then we can expect new
ways of using robots which will bring new hopes and
new potentials
A collection of robots that are presently in use:

Geminoid
Made in Japan: Palro
Made in Korea: HSR Series Made in Korea: HSR Series (2)
Made in Korea: HSR Series (3) Made in Korea: Hubo
Made in Korea: Albert Hubo

Made in Korea: Mahru

Made in the U.S.A.: Petman Made in the U.S.A.: Wam Arm
Made in the U.S.A.: Robonaut