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STATION 1

STATION 1

Diagram show the equipment that use for patient in hospital.

a) Name the equipment?

b) What is the function of this equipment?

c) Name the green line on this equipment and it function?


a) Nasogastric tube/Ryle’s tube

b) -Feeding or administering of drug to patient that


cannot take orally/swallow
-patient with decreased level of consciousness
-premature newborn with inadequate sucking reflex
or lack of strength to feed

c)Radiopaque line- for a recognize in x-ray, placement


STATION 2
Brain

Angiotensin II C

B
Lung

Angiotensin I
Look at mechanism shown in the
Renin
Kidney chart.

A 1. Name the mechanism.


2. Label A,B & C.
3. Give the function of C
Liver 4. Give another two (2) functions of
angiotensin II
1. renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
2. A-angiotensinogen
B-angitensin converting enzyme
C-antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin (ADH)
3. Increases water reabsorption at distal tubules
& medullary collecting ducts
4. -Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete
aldosterone
- Systemic vasoconstriction
- Stimulates thirst center
- Negative feedback of angiotensinogen
STATION 3
STATION 3
With the help of diagram.

1. State the production site of oxytocin and


ADH?

2. What is the main function for Pars Nervosa?

3. State ONE function of oxytocin.


1. Supraoptic(ADH) and
paraventricular(oxytocin) nuclei at
posterior hypothalamus.
2. Storage for ADH and Oxytocin
3. Function :
 Myoepithelial contraction at mammary
gland (breastfeeding)
 Uterine smooth muscle contraction
(delivery)
LH
STATION 4
Progesterone

Estrogen

FSH

0 7 14 21 28
Uterine Phase: Menstrual Proliferative Secretory .
Ovarian Phase: Follicular Luteal .
STATION 4
Question based on the graph given.

i) What event(s) occur during LH surge in ovarian


cycle.

ii) List 3 changes of the uterus during proliferative


phase (day 6-14).
ANSWER
i)
• Release of secondary oocyte from Graafian follicle.
• Ruptured follicle becomes corpus luteum and stimulates
production of estrogens and progesterone.

ii)
• Stratum functionale rebuilt by stratum basale in response
to stimulation from ovarian estrogens
• Elongation of the uterine glands as a result of increased
mitotic activity
• Growth of basal arterioles of the lamina basalis into the
lamina functionalis
• Stroma appears fluid filled (edematous)
• Estrogen induces formation of additional receptors-
estrogen and progesterone receptors
STATION 5
Question based on diagram.

a) What is the muscles labelled


A, B, C, D, E, F

b) What is the name of the


nerve X

c) What is the origin of the


nerve X
ANSWER
a) What is the muscles labelled
A, B, C, D, E, F
A: Gluteus Minimus muscle
B: Piriformis muscle
C: Superior Gemellus muscle
D: Obturator Internus
E: Inferior Gemellus muscle
F: Quadratus Femoris muscle

b) What is the name of the


nerve X
Sciatic nerve

c) What is the origin of the


nerve X
Sacral Plexus
(L4-S3)
STATION 6
Body mass index

Body weight :80kg


Height :150cm

a) What is the BMI of this person?


b) State the classification BMI of this
person
ANSWER

a)BMI= body weight in kg/ (height in meter)₂

80 kg/ 1.5m x 1.5m= 35.5 kg/m2

b)Obese class II (35.0-39.9)


STATION 7
Diagram shows the coronal section of brain.

a) Name A, B, C, D, E and F
b) State the type of fibers in A and E

A
D
B
C
F
ANSWER

a)
A : Internal Capsule
B : Thalamus
C : Putamen of Lentiform
Nucleus
D : Lateral Ventricle
E : Corpus Callosum
F : Caudate nuclues

b)
A- Projection
E- Commisural
STATION 8

TOOL A

HEARING TEST LEFT EAR RIGHT EAR

TEST P BONE CONDUCTON AIR CONDUCTION


GREATER THAN AIR GREATER THAN
CONDUCTION BONE CONDUCTION

TEST Q LATERALIZATION NO LATERALIZATION


STATION 8

1) WHAT IS TOOL A?
2) WHAT IS TEST P AND TEST Q?
3) RECOGNIZE WHICH EAR IS HAVING PROBLEM.
1. WHAT IS TOOL A? Tuning fork 256 Hz
2. WHAT IS TEST P AND TEST Q? P-Rinne test
Q-Weber test
3. RECOGNIZE WHICH EAR IS HAVING
PROBLEM. Left ear
STATION 9

A B
STATION 9
Diagram A and B shows two (2) structure of molecule in our body.

a) Name A and B?

b) Name cell that interact with:


A :
B :

c) Give three (3) cell where this molecule B can be found?


ANSWER

a) A-Major histocompatibility complex class I(HLA)


B-Major histocompatibility complex class II

b) A- CD+ 8 T cell
B- CD+ 4 T cell

c) - Dendritic cell
- Antigen presenting cell (APC)
- Macrophages
- B cell
STATION 10

A
B

Diagram A and B show an organism that can cause disease in human.

a) Give stage of organism based on diagram


A:
B:

b) Name the organism?

c) Give two (2) characteristic of this organism based on A?


ANSWER

a) A : Trophozoite
B : Cyst

b) Giardia lamblia (in handwriting, you must underline


the words & the first letter of second word is in
small case, eg: Giardia lamblia

c) - pear or tear drop shape


- bilaterally symmetrical
- containing 2 nuclei
- 4 pairs of flagellae
STATION 11

AA

C
STATION 11
Based on the diagram.

a) Name the structure above:

b) Label the structure


A-
B-
C-

c) What structure form C:


ANSWER

a) Circle of Willis (circulus arteriosus)

b) A- middle cerebral artery


B- posterior communicating artery
C- basilar artery

c) Right and left vertebral arteries


STATION 12
Z

A B C

1)Name A,B and C

2)What is Z

3)Calculate the Heart rate from the given electrocardiograph (ECG).


Answer:

1) A- P wave
B- T wave
C- QRS complex

2) Z- R-R interval

3) HR = 1500/Small boxes @ 300/Big boxes


= 1500/20
= 75 beats/mins
STATION 13
x
a b

f
STATION 13

Based on the diagram


a) Label a- f
b) Name the structure marked the area X
c) Give the structure opens into medial wall of 2nd part of
duodenum
ANSWER

a) a-First part of duodenum


b- Pylorus
c- Inner circular muscle layer
d- Second part of duodenum / descending duodenum
e- Outer longitudinal muscle layer
f- Third part of duodenum / horizontal duodenum

b) Pyloric sphincter

c) Common bile duct and main pancreatic duct unite to


form ampulla of Vater that opens as major duodenal papilla
D
STATION 14

Diagram shows a reflex arc

a) Name the structure labelled A, B, C and D.


b) State the motor neuron of D.
c) State the stimulus for reflex.
ANSWER

a)
A: 1a afferent neuron

B: Extrafusal muscle (Quadratus femoris muscle)

C: Alpha motor neuron

D: Muscle spindle

b) Gamma efferent neuron

c) Stretching of muscle
STATION 15

Blood cell indices Amount


Haemoglobin 6.3 g/dl
Amount of RBC 1.88 X 1012/liter
Pack cell volume 0.19/L

Calculate the value of MCV,MCH and MCHC base on this result.

a) MCV (3 Mark)

b) MCH (3 Mark)

c) MCHC (3 Mark)
ANSWER

Haemoglobin (Hb) = 6.3 g/dl


Amount of RBC = 1.88 X 1012/liter
Pack cell volume = 0.19/L

MCV= PCV / RBC


= (0.19 / 1.88 X 1012) l
= (0.101 X 10-12) l
= 101 fl (fl – unit SI)

MCH = Hb / RBC
= (6.3 X 10 / 1.88 X 1012) g
= (3.351 X 10-11) g
= 33.51 pg (pg-unit SI)

MCHC = Hb / PCV
= (6.3 / 0.19) g/dl
= 33.15 g/dl (g/dl- unit SI)
STATION 16

Slide A (thymus) and B (pancreas) shows slide of the organ in human.

a) Gives two (2) characteristic of slide A and B?

b) Name the organ where slide A can be found?

c) What are the function of organ B?


ANSWER

a) A : -surrounded by capsule
-connective tissue septae divide parenchyma of thymus into incomplete
lobules
-each lobule contains a cortex and medulla
B : -Leaf like lobules
- has a circular-like structure

b) Thymus

c) Secretion of hormone insulin (β-cells) and glucagon (α-cells)


Production of pancreatic juice
STATION 17

Spermatogonium

Primary spermatocyte

Secondary spermatocyte You are provided a diagram of a process.

i) Name the process represented by the


X diagram
ii) Name the stage labeled X
Y iii) Name process that occur at Y
iv) State 2 changes that occur during Y
Sperm
i) spermatogenesis
ii) spermatid
iii) spermiogenesis
iv) - formation of acrosome
- condensation of nucleus
- formation of head, neck and tail
- shedding of most of the cytoplasm
STATION 18
Question based on the picture below.

1.WHAT IS THE DISEASE OF


THIS CHILDREN?

2.STATE THE DEFICIENCY


OCCUR TO THIS CHILDREN

3.GIVE 2 FEATURES OF THIS


CHILD
ANSWER

a) Kwashiorkor

b) Protein

• Bloating stomach
• Long and very thin of arm and leg
• Moon face
• Hair changes
• Growth retardation
STATION 19
C

i) Identify structures labeled A, B, C & D

ii) Name 2 structures that pass through A

iii) Name 2 structures that pass through D

iv) State the motor supply of diaphragm


i) Identify structures labeled A, B, C & D
A- Vena caval opening
B- Medial arcuate ligament
C- Central tendon of diaphragm
D- Esophageal hiatus 

ii) Name 2 structures that pass through A


- inferior vena cava
- terminal branch of rt. phrenic nerve

iii) Name 2 structures that pass through D


-esophagus
-anterior and posterior vagal trunks
-esophageal branches of left gastric vessels

iv) State the motor supply of diaphragm


phrenic nerve
STATION 20
STATION 20

Diagram show one (1) medium for culture


of organism.

a)Name the medium on the diagram?

b)What is possible organism culture on this


medium?

c) Give one (1) comment about the reaction


of organism with medium?
ANSWER

a)Mac Conkey agar

b)Escherichia coli

c) Lactose fermenter
STATION 21
The pictures below featuring two types of chart, chart A and chart B.

a)Name both of the


Chart A Chart B chart,chart A and chart B

b)What is the number shown


in chart B?

c)What is the function of


chart A and chart B?
a) A- Snellen chart
B- Ishihara chart

b) 29

c) A-to measure visual acuity


B-test for colour blindness
STATION 22 z

Y
x Terms:
IVC: inferior vena cava
SVC: superior vena cava
RA: right atrium
LA: left atrium
RV: right ventricle
LV: left ventricle
PT: pulmonary trunk

a)Name X and Y?
b) Name the structure form by X after birth?
c) The blood flow from RA to LA through Z. What is Z?
a)
X=DUCTUS ARTERIOUSUS
(No Y-technical error in
setting question)

b) LIGAMENTUM
ARTERIOSUM

c) FORAMEN OVALE
STATION 23
4-5 drops of Biuret reagent are added to test tube A and B. Below are the result
for the test:
Test tube Result
A Solution change to
violet colour
B No change in colour

i) State the aim of the Biuret test.


ii) Interpret the result for the test tube A and B.
iii) State the reason of the result for test tube B.
i)detection of protein and peptides (>2 peptide bonds) in
given solution

ii) A- protein presence


B- no protein presence (only contain amino acids and
dipeptides)

iii) Amino acids and dipeptides have less than 2 peptide


bonds. Alkaline copper sulphate reacts with compounds
containing two or more peptide bonds to give a violet
coloured complex.
STATION 24
Pelvic bone

a)What is the structure labelled A and B

b)Name the ligament that connect between structure A and B

c) Give 1 example of structure that has same type of joint with structure B

d)Give 2 differences between male and female pelvic bone


a) What is the structure labelled A and B
A: ASIS
B: Pubic tubercle
b) Name the ligament that connect between structure A and B
inguinal ligament

c) Give 1 example of structure that has same type of joint with


structure C
1. between the vertebral bodies(united by the intervertebral disc)
2. manubriosternal joint
3. between the right and left halves of the mandible(mandibular
symphysis)
d) Give 2 differences between male and female pelvic bone
2)

STATION 25

i) Identify structures
label A, B, C, D and E.
ii) What is the hormone
A produced by E.
iii) State 3 functions of
substance contain in A
D
B
C
i) A- Amniotic cavity
B- Exocoelomic cavity
C- Hypoblast
D- Epiblast
E- Syncytiotrophoblast
ii) hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) – stimulates
corpus luteum to produce progestrone
iii) Amniotic fluid
Function- protective cushion for suspended embryo
absorb jolts
- prevent adherence of embryo to amnion
- allow fetal movement
STATION 26

4.
2

C
B
STATION 26

Questions are based on the diagram given.

1) Label structure A,B and C

2) Give two (2) functions of structure A

3)Give function of protein 4.2


1) Label structure A,B and C

A-band 3 protein
B-spectrin
C-actin

2) Give two (2) functions of structure A

1- Its primary function is to facilitate anion


transport via the red cell membrane.
2- It is an important binding site for
cytoskeletal and other red cell proteins.

3)Give function of protein 4.2


-Protein 4.2 enhances interaction between
ankyrin and spectrin to band 3 protein
STATION 27
Action Potential Graph of specific cell is given

A B

a) Name the type of cell for that generate action potential graph A and B?

b) Draw a line to indicate Absolute Refractory period on Graph B?

c) Regarding to the cells that generate it, give 2 differences between Graph A and
B?
ANSWER

A
B
a) Name the type of cell for that generate action potential graph
A: Skeletal muscle cells
B: Cardiac muscle cells

b) Draw a line to indicate Absolute Refractory period on Graph B.

c) Regarding the cells that generate it, give 2 differences between Graph A and B.
Skeletal Cardiac
muscle muscle
Refractory Shorter Longer
period
Summation Can be No summation
summated
Depolarisation Longer Shorter
duration
Presence Absent Present
plateau phase
STATION 28
E 1.Name the blood vessels
with the label A,B,C and
D D

A 2. Blood vessel labels


with E has 3 branches.
C Name the branches.

B 3. Vessel B frequently
gives rise to left conus
artery which supply X.
What is X?
1. A : right coronary artery
B : anterior interventricular artery
C : diagonal artery
D : left coronary artery

2. E is aortic arch. 3 branches is :


i. Right brachiocephalic trunk ( right
common carotid artery & right subclavian
artery )
ii. Left common carotid artery
iii. Left subclavian artery

3. X : Infundibulum or conus arteriosus


STATION 29
A
E B

C
D
STATION 29

This question based on the picture given

a) Name the labelled structure.

b) Name the functional unit of contraction in skeletal


muscle.

c) Define isometric contraction in muscle.


(1) Name the labelled structure
A: A Band
B : H Zone
C : M Line
D : Z Line
E : Thin Filament

(2) Name the functional unit of contraction in


skeletal muscle
Sarcomere

(3) Define isometric contraction in muscle


The muscle develops tension but does not shorten /
lengthen.
Active Station
What must you do?

• Greet the doctor.


• Tell him/her your matric no.
• Ask for permission from doctor to start your task.
• Start your task:
• Access danger.
• Check consciousness of victim.
• Ask for help.
Do whatever you need to do. Remember ABC(A-airway, B-
breathing, C-circulation)

•P/S: if the victim is at roadside, you need to move him to a


safe place first before doing anything. (Of course you must
access danger first!)
Scenario 1:

If the victim is unconscious & is bleeding at his thigh,


what must you do first?
Do CPR first!!!
Patent the airway first (by head tilt chin lift postion).
Check for carotid pulse & breathing. (If no pulse/breathing, do 2
mouth-to-mouth resusitation, followed by 30 chest compression)
*Count out loud when you’re compressing chest!

When do you stop CPR? (Doctor most probably will ask this!)
After 5 cycles of resusitation/you’re tired/ambulance or paramedics
have arrived/victim recovers from unconsciousness.

Where to check for carotid pulse?


2 cm lateral to thyroid prominence (Adam’s apple)
For how long?
10 seconds

Only then you try to stop the bleeding(bandage).


Good luck in
your PRO 1!

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