Cluster

COMPUTING
 Submitted by
prashasti rikhari
S.N-46,reg no-
3050070122,B-
tech M-tech(cse)
 contents
 What is Cluster computing
 Cluster categorisation
 HA cluster
 Load balancing cluster
 Grid computing
 GPU cluster
 Implementation
 History
 Technologies
 Application of cluster
 Cluster computing
 A computer cluster is a group of
linked computers, working
together closely so that in many
respects they form a single
computer. The components of a
cluster are commonly, but not
always, connected to each other
through fast local area networks.
Clusters are usually deployed to
improve performance and/or
availability over that provided by
a single computer, while typically
being much more cost-effective
than single computers of
comparable speed or availability.
[1]
PICTURES
 HA-CLUSTER
 High-availability clusters (also
known as failover clusters) are
implemented primarily for the
purpose of improving the
availability of services which the
cluster provides. They operate by
having redundant nodes, which
are then used to provide service
when system components fail.
The most common size for an HA
cluster is two nodes, which is the
minimum requirement to provide
redundancy. HA cluster
implementations attempt to
manage the redundancy inherent
in a cluster to eliminate
single points of failure
LOAD BALANCING CLUSTER
 In computer networking, load
balancing is a technique to spread
work between two or more computers,
network links, CPUs, hard drives, or
other resources, in order to get optimal
resource utilization, throughput, or
response time. Using multiple
components with load balancing,
instead of a single component, may
increase reliability through
redundancy. The balancing service is
usually provided by a dedicated
program or hardware device (such as a
multilayer switch.)
 Load-balancing clusters operate by
distributing a workload evenly over
multiple back end nodes. Typically the
cluster will be configured with
multiple redundant load-balancing
front ends.
 GRID COMPUTING
Grid compuing is a form of
distributed computing
whereby a "super and
virtual computer" is
composed of a cluster of
networked,
loosely-coupled
computers, acting in
concert to perform very
large tasks
 GRID COMPUTING
An example of a very large grid is the
Folding@home project. It is
analyzing data that is used by
researchers to find cures for
diseases such as Alzheimer's and
cancer. Another large project is the
SETI@home (seach for
extraterrestrial intelligece) project,
which may be the largest
distributed grid in existence. It uses
approximately three million home
computers all over the world to
analyze data from the
Arecibo Observatory radiotelescope
, searching for evidence of
extraterrestrial intelligence
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
CLUSTER AND GRID
COMPUTING
 What distinguishes grid
computing from typical
cluster computing systems is
that grids tend to be more
loosely coupled, heterogeneous,
and geographically dispersed.
Also, while a computing grid
may be dedicated to a
specialized application, it is
often constructed with the aid
of general purpose grid
software libraries and
middleware
 GPU CLUSTER
 A GPU cluster is a
computer cluster in which
each node is equipped with
a Graphics Processing Unit
(GPU). By harnessing the
computational power of
modern GPUs via
General-Purpose Computing
on Graphics Processing Uni
ts
(GPGPU), very fast
calculations can be
performed with a GPU
cluster.
 IMPLEMENTATION
 The TOP500 organization's semiannual list of the 500
fastest computers usually includes many clusters.
TOP500 is a collaboration between the
University of Mannheim, the University of Tennessee,
and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing
Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. As
of June 18, 2008, the top supercomputer is the
Department of Energy's IBM Roadrunner system with
performance of 1026 TFlops measured with High-
Performance LINPACK benchmark.
 HISTORY
 The history of cluster computing is best captured by a
footnote in Greg Pfister's In Search of Clusters:
"Virtually every press release from DEC mentioning
clusters says 'DEC, who invented clusters...'. IBM did
not invent them either. Customers invented clusters,
as soon as they could not fit all their work on one
computer, or needed a backup. The date of the first is
unknown, but it would be surprising if it was not in
the 1960s, or even late 1950s."[citation needed]
 TECHNOLOGIES
 MPI(message passing interface) is a widely-
available communications library that enables
parallel programs to be written in C, Fortran,
Python, OCaml, and many other programming
languages.
 The GNU/Linux world supports various
cluster software; for application clustering,
there is Beowulf, distcc, and MPICH.
Linux Virtual Server, Linux-HA
 TECHNOLOGIES
 Microsoft Windows Compute Cluster Server 2003
based on the Windows Server platform provides
pieces for High Performance Computing like the Job
Scheduler, MSMPI library and management tools
 gridMathematica provides distributed computations
over clusters including data analysis, computer
algebra and 3D visualization
 gLite is a set of middleware technologies created by
the Enabling Grids for E-sciencE (EGEE) project.
 CLUSTER COMPUTER
APPLICATION
Cluster
computing for applications scientists is changing dramatically
with the advent of commodity high performance processors, l
ow-latency/high-bandwidth networks, and software infrastruct
ure and development tools to facilitate the use of the cluster. T
he performance of an individual processor used in a high-end
personal workstation rivals that of a processor in a high-end su
percomputer, such as an SGI Origin, and the performance of th
e commodity processors is improving rapidly.
Novell Inc has made available NetWare Cluster Services
(NWCS) v1.01, the latest version of its clustering software
product that is designed to maximise network uptime and
simplify the management of data.
A Cluster Architecture
 The Future of Cluster Computing

Without a sustainable computing strategy, can today's

commodity High-Performance Computing ("HPC")
clusters take advantage of future hardware
developments? How are technical markets driving
high-end innovation? What are the keys to a
sustainable design strategy? These are just a few of
the important questions addressed in the white paper,
"The Future of Cluster Computing." In addition to
trends shaping today's HPC market, this paper
discusses the need to develop sustainable hardware
strategies to eliminate the hidden costs/high total cost
of ownership of current white box cluster
implementations
 CONCLUSION
 Cluster Computing: the Journal of Networks, Software Tools
and Applications provides a forum for presenting the latest
research and technology in the fields of parallel processing,
distributed computing systems and computer networks.
 Cluster Computing addresses the latest results in these fields
that support High Performance Distributed Computing
(HPDC). In HPDC environments, parallel and/or distributed
computing techniques are applied to the solution of
computationally intensive applications across networks of
computers. The journal represents an important source of
information for the growing number of researchers, developers
and users of HPDC environments.
THANX