Your Network
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
Objectives
1. Router Initialization.
2. Router Access
3. CLI First look
4. Basic configuration
5. Viewing, Saving and Erasing the Configurations
6. Discovering & testing the network
7. Remote access (TELNET)
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
Router Initialization
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
Router components
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
Router external connections
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
Management
Ports
Interface on Cisco routers refers to a physical connector on the router whose main
purpose is to receive and forward packets.
Routers have multiple interfaces used to connect to multiple networks which may mean:
Various types of networks
Different types of media and connectors.
Different types of interfaces.
For example, Fast Ethernet interfaces for connections to different LANs and also have
different types of WAN interfaces used to connect a variety of serial links, including T1,
DSL, and ISDN.
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
LAN Interfaces
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
WAN Interfaces
DCE Cable
DTE Cable
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
Physically Connecting
a WAN Interface
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
Serial Connectors
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
Cisco Software components
• Configuration File
It is a program file that contains commands that
reflect how the router will react.
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
Router memory
Memory content
ROM storing startup diagnostic code
POST
(Bootstrap program).
RAM holds the running configuration
and routing table information
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
Step in Router Initialization
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
Bootup Process
Step 1: POST (Power On Self Test)
Executes diagnostics from ROM on several hardware
components, including the CPU,RAM, NVRAM
Step 2: Loading Bootstrap Program
Copied from ROM into RAM
Executed by CPU
Main task is to locate the Cisco IOS and load it into RAM
Step 3: Locating the IOS
Typically stored in flash memory, but it can be stored in other
places such as a TFTP server.
If a full IOS image cannot be located, a scaled-down version of
the IOS is copied from ROM
This version of IOS is used to help diagnose any problems
and to try to load a complete version of the IOS into RAM.
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
Boot up Process
Step 4: Loading the IOS
Some of the older Cisco routers ran the IOS directly from flash
Current models copy the IOS into RAM for execution
Might see a string of pound signs (#) while the image
decompresses.
Step 5: Locating the Config File
Bootstrap program searches for the startup configuration file
(startup-config), in NVRAM.
This file has the previously saved configuration commands and
parameters,
Step 6: Loading the Config File
If a startup configuration file is found in NVRAM, the IOS loads it
into RAM as the running-config file and executes the commands.
If the startup configuration file cannot be located, prompt the user
to enter setup mode
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18
SECTION SUMMARY
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19
Router Access
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20
ROUTER ACCESS METHODS
Directly using the console port
No configuration needed on the router
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21
Console
The console port is a management port that provides out-of-band access to a
router.
Examples of console use are:
–The initial configuration of the network device
–Disaster recovery procedures and troubleshooting where remote access is not
possible
–Password recovery procedures
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22
AUXILIARY
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23
Using HyperTerminal
Settings
Match
serial port
on PC
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24
Telnet and SSH
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25
Setup mode
Permit the administrator to install a minimal configuration for a router -
( appeared if no saved configuration , Ctrl-C to skip )
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26
Setup Mode
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27
SECTION SUMMARY
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28
CLI First look
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29
ROUTER Modes
end
exit
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 30
User EXEC Mode
The user EXEC mode allows only a limited number of basic
monitoring commands.
This is often referred to as a view only mode.
The user EXEC level does not allow any commands that
might change the configuration of the router.
The user EXEC mode can be identified by the > prompt.
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31
Privileged EXEC Mode
The privileged EXEC mode provides access to all router
commands.
This mode can be configured to require a password.
Configuration and management commands require that the
network administrator be at the privileged EXEC level.
Global configuration mode and all other more specific
configuration modes can only be reached from the privileged
EXEC mode.
The privileged EXEC mode can be identified by the # prompt.
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 32
Moving between the User EXEC and Privileged
EXEC Modes
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 33
11.1.5 Using CLI help
Identify the types of help and feedback available while
using IOS and use these features to get help, take
shortcuts and ascertain success
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 34
11.1.5 Using CLI help
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 35
Abbreviated commands (Router and Switch)
Router# sh inter
Same as
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 36
11.1.6 IOS "examination" commands
Identify the purpose of the show command and several
of its variations
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 37
This command will show all of the Cisco
IOS image files – not just the one that the
router booted from.
Might compare to a directory listing
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 38
IOS software and features
The naming convention for the different Cisco IOS releases contains three
parts:
–The platform on which the image runs
–The special features supported in the image
–Where the image runs and whether it has been zipped or compressed
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 39
show version Command
IOS version
Router up
time
System image file
Last restart & location
method
FLASH SPACE
Configuration
register setting
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 40
show version Command
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 41
Verify the router boot-up process
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 42
Editing Commands
<Ctrl><A> Move to beginning of line
<Ctrl><E> Move to the end of the line
<Esc><B> Move back one word
<Ctrl><F> Move forward one character
<Ctrl><B> Move back on character
<Esc><F> Move forward one word
$ Sign means that the line has scrolled to the left
To disable enhanced editing mode, type terminal no
editing at the privileged EXEC mode prompt.
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 43
SECTION SUMMARY
1. Router modes
2. Moving between Modes
3. Basic IOS command structure & CLI help
4. IOS "examination" commands
show version Command, show flash
5. IOS loading control
6. Editing Commands
7. Router Command History
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 44
Basic configuration
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 45
CLI Configuration
Basic Router Configuration:
Naming the router
Setting passwords
Configuring interfaces
Configuring a banner
Saving changes on a router
Verifying basic configuration and router operations
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 46
Configuring Router Identification
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 47
Configuring a Router Password
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 48
11.2.4 Configuring Interfaces
Identify the role of a router in a network.
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 49
Configuring Interfaces
S0/1
S0/0
192.168.1.2/30
192.168.1.1/30
Router#config t
RouterA(config)# interface serial 0/0
RouterA(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
RouterA(config-if)# no shutdown
RouterA(config-if)# clock rate 56000 (required for serial DCE only)
RouterA(config-if)# bandwidth 64 (a value in kbps)
RouterA(config-if)# exit
How can you tell which end is the DTE and which end is the DCE?
Look at the label on the cable.
Look at the connecter between the two cables - The DTE cable will
always be male and the DCE cable will always be female.
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 51
Serial Interface show controller
Command
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 52
Interfaces
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 53
Interpreting the Interface Status
S0/0
S0/1
Interface
is working
properly
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 55
Managing Console Input
Router(config)#line console 0
Router(config-line)#logging synchronous
Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0
Router(config-line)#exit
Router(config)#no ip domain-lookup
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 56
SECTION SUMMARY
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 57
Viewing, Saving and
Erasing the
Configurations
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 58
Router#show running-config running-config
Current configuration : 542 bytes
!
version 12.2
The running-config file is
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
the configuration in RAM
no ip address memory.
shutdown
duplex auto
All changes are made to
speed auto the running-config file.
!
interface Serial0/0
This is the configuration
no ip address that the router is currently
shutdown using.
!
line con 0 The running-config is lost
line aux 0 when the router loses
line vty 0 4
power or reloads.
!
end Privilege mode
Router#
command.
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 59
Router#show startup-config startup-config
The startup-config file is
startup-config is not present the saved configuration in
Router# NVRAM.
If there is a startup-config
file in NVRAM when the
router boots up, this file
will be copied into
running-config.
The running-config is
what the router will use.
Privilege mode
command.
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 60
Copy running-config to startup-config
When you are done with the routers in the lab, please be sure to erase the startup-config.
If you are starting a lab, and you do not get the message:
Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]:
You will need to erase the startup-config and reboot.
Privilege mode command.
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 62
Cisco IOS copy Command
To save IOS image or
configuration file #
#
#
#
# #
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 63
11.2.3 Managing configuration files
Use a text file to backup and restore config settings
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 64
Return the Device to Its Original Configuration
Router#reload
System configuration has been modified. Save?
[yes/no]: n
Proceed with reload? [confirm]
To erase the startup configuration file use erase
NVRAM:startup-config or erase startup-config at the
privileged EXEC mode prompt:
Router#erase startup-config
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 65
Discovering & testing
the network
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 66
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 67
CDP Advertisements
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 68
Layer 2 Neighbors
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 70
Using the show cdp
neighbors Command
Version :
Cisco IOS Software, 2800 Software (C2800NM-IPBASE-M), Version
12.3(14)T7, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2)
advertisement version: 2
Duplex: full
---------------------------
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 72
Enabling CDP on a Router
To enable CDP, use the cdp run global configuration command.
CDP is on by default. Use the no form of this command to disable
CDP.
Router(config)#cdp run
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 74
IOS Ping Indicators
A ping from the IOS will yield to one of several
indications for each ICMP echo that was sent. The
most common indicators are:
–! - indicates receipt of an ICMP echo reply
–. - indicates a timed out while waiting for a reply
–U - an ICMP unreachable message was received
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 75
11.3.3 Testing the Local Network
Router#ping
Protocol [ip]:
Target IP address:10.0.0.1
Repeat count [5]:
Datagram size [100]:
Timeout in seconds [2]:5
Extended commands [n]: n
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 76
TELNET
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 77
To initiate a Telnet session any of the following
alternatives can be used:
Denver>connect paris
Denver>paris
Denver>131.108.100.152
Denver>telnet 131.108.100.152
Denver>telnet paris
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 78
Using Telnet to Connect to Remote
Devices
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 79
Viewing Telnet Connections
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 80
Suspending and Resuming
a Telnet Session
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 81
Closing a Telnet Session
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 82
Summary
1. Router Initialization.
2. Router Access
3. CLI First look
4. Basic configuration
5. Viewing, Saving and Erasing the Configurations
6. Discovering & testing the network
7. TELNET
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 83
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 84