Ch11 1st Config Step

Configuring and Testing
Your Network
Network Fundamentals – Chapter 11
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
Objectives
1. Router Initialization.
2. Router Access
3. CLI First look
4. Basic configuration
5. Viewing, Saving and Erasing the Configurations
6. Discovering & testing the network
7. Remote access (TELNET)
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Router Initialization
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Router components
 Router is typically like a computer which operates with

Two main components
–Hardware (Router physical components )

–Software (IOS)
• Internetworking operating system.
• configuration file
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Router external connections
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Management
Ports
 Console port - Most common of the management ports

Used to connect a terminal,
Or most likely a PC running terminal emulator software,
 No need for network access to that router.
 The console port must be used during initial configuration of the router.
 Auxiliary (AUX) port

 Not all routers have auxiliary ports.
At times, can be used similarly to a console port
Can also be used to attach a modem.
 Note: Auxiliary ports will not be used in this curriculum.
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Router
Interfaces
 Interface on Cisco routers refers to a physical connector on the router whose main
purpose is to receive and forward packets.
 Routers have multiple interfaces used to connect to multiple networks which may mean:
Various types of networks
Different types of media and connectors.
Different types of interfaces.
 For example, Fast Ethernet interfaces for connections to different LANs and also have
different types of WAN interfaces used to connect a variety of serial links, including T1,
DSL, and ISDN.
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LAN Interfaces
 Ethernet and Fast Ethernet interfaces.

 Used to connect the router to the LAN, similar to how a PC’s Ethernet NIC.
Layer 2 MAC address
Participates in the Ethernet LAN the same way as any other hosts on that LAN.
Example: Address Resolution Protocol (ARP):
Maintains ARP cache for that interface
Sends ARP requests when needed
Responds with ARP replies when required
 Typically an RJ-45 jack (UTP).
Router to switch: straight-through cable.
Router to router via Ethernet interfaces, or PC’s NIC to router’s Ethernet
interface: crossover cable.
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WAN Interfaces
 Example: serial, ISDN, and Frame Relay interfaces.

 Used to connect routers to external networks, usually over a larger geographical
distance.
 The Layer 2 encapsulation can be different types including:
PPP
Frame Relay
HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control).
 Similar to LAN interfaces, each WAN interface has its own IP address and subnet
mask, making it a member of a specific network.
 Note: MAC addresses are used only on Ethernet interfaces and are not on WAN
interfaces.
 However, WAN interfaces use their own Layer 2 addresses depending on the
technology.
 Layer 2 WAN encapsulation types and addresses are covered in a later course.
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Serial Connectors
 Cisco routers support the EIA/TIA-232, EIA/TIA-449, V.35, X.21,

and EIA/TIA-530 standards for serial connections,
 Memorizing these connection types is not important.
 Just know that a router has a DB-60 port that can support five
different cabling standards.
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Serial Connectors
DCE Cable
DTE Cable
 Router is typically a DTE device.

 The DTE cable is connected to the serial interface on
the router to a CSU/DSU device (DCE).
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Physically Connecting
a WAN Interface
 Typically, the router is the DTE

device and is connected to a
CSU/DSU, which is the DCE
device.
Serial interfaces require a clock
signal to control the timing of the
communications.
In most environments, the service
provider (a DCE device such as a
CSU/DSU) will provide the clock.
By default, Cisco routers are DTE
devices
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Serial Connectors
 In our labs we will use serial DTE/DCE cables (no

CSU/DSU) with a DTE cable connected to one router
and a DCE cable connected to the other router.
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Cisco Software components
• Cisco IOS (Internetwork Operating System)

 It is the operating system that manages the hardware
platform it is working on.
• Configuration File
 It is a program file that contains commands that
reflect how the router will react.
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Router memory
Memory content
ROM storing startup diagnostic code
 POST
 (Bootstrap program).
RAM holds the running configuration
and routing table information
NVRAM store the startup configuration

file.
FLASH full Cisco IOS software images.
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Step in Router Initialization
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Bootup Process
Step 1: POST (Power On Self Test)
 Executes diagnostics from ROM on several hardware
components, including the CPU,RAM, NVRAM
Step 2: Loading Bootstrap Program
 Copied from ROM into RAM
 Executed by CPU
 Main task is to locate the Cisco IOS and load it into RAM
Step 3: Locating the IOS
 Typically stored in flash memory, but it can be stored in other
places such as a TFTP server.
 If a full IOS image cannot be located, a scaled-down version of
the IOS is copied from ROM
 This version of IOS is used to help diagnose any problems
and to try to load a complete version of the IOS into RAM.
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Boot up Process
Step 4: Loading the IOS
 Some of the older Cisco routers ran the IOS directly from flash
 Current models copy the IOS into RAM for execution
 Might see a string of pound signs (#) while the image
decompresses.
Step 5: Locating the Config File
 Bootstrap program searches for the startup configuration file
(startup-config), in NVRAM.
 This file has the previously saved configuration commands and
parameters,
Step 6: Loading the Config File
 If a startup configuration file is found in NVRAM, the IOS loads it
into RAM as the running-config file and executes the commands.
 If the startup configuration file cannot be located, prompt the user
to enter setup mode
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SECTION SUMMARY
1. Router hardware components

2. Cisco Software components
3. Router memory
4. Router Initialization Steps.
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Router Access
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ROUTER ACCESS METHODS
 Directly using the console port
No configuration needed on the router
 Telnet – over the network

Network connection
Network configuration on both ends (IP address, subnet mask,
etc.)
Telnet password configured on router
 Modem (AUX.PORT on the router)

 Web access
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Console
 The console port is a management port that provides out-of-band access to a
router.
 Examples of console use are:
–The initial configuration of the network device
–Disaster recovery procedures and troubleshooting where remote access is not
possible
–Password recovery procedures
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AUXILIARY
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Using HyperTerminal
Settings
Match
serial port
on PC
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Telnet and SSH
 Unlike the console connection, Telnet sessions require

active networking services on the device.
 A host with a Telnet client can access the z sessions
running on the Cisco device.
 The Secure Shell (SSH) protocol is a more secure
method for remote device access.
 SSH client software is not provided by default on all
computer operating systems.
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Setup mode
Permit the administrator to install a minimal configuration for a router -
( appeared if no saved configuration , Ctrl-C to skip )
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Setup Mode
 The router will enter setup mode when:

The contents of NVRAM have been erased with the “erase
start” command
When the router is “out of the box” and has not been initially
configured
After deleting the backup configuration and reloading the
router
 You can make the router enter setup mode by entering:
Router#setup
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SECTION SUMMARY
1. ROUTER ACCESS METHODS

Console , AUXILIARY , TELNET , WEB ACCESS
2. Using HyperTerminal
3. Telnet and SSH
4. Setup mode
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CLI First look
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ROUTER Modes
end
exit
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User EXEC Mode
 The user EXEC mode allows only a limited number of basic
monitoring commands.
 This is often referred to as a view only mode.
 The user EXEC level does not allow any commands that
might change the configuration of the router.
 The user EXEC mode can be identified by the > prompt.
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Privileged EXEC Mode
 The privileged EXEC mode provides access to all router
commands.
 This mode can be configured to require a password.
 Configuration and management commands require that the
network administrator be at the privileged EXEC level.
 Global configuration mode and all other more specific
configuration modes can only be reached from the privileged
EXEC mode.
 The privileged EXEC mode can be identified by the # prompt.
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Moving between the User EXEC and Privileged
EXEC Modes
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11.1.5 Using CLI help
 Identify the types of help and feedback available while
using IOS and use these features to get help, take
shortcuts and ascertain success
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11.1.5 Using CLI help
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Abbreviated commands (Router and Switch)
Router# sh inter
Same as
Router# show interfaces
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11.1.6 IOS "examination" commands
 Identify the purpose of the show command and several
of its variations
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This command will show all of the Cisco
IOS image files – not just the one that the
router booted from.
Might compare to a directory listing
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IOS software and features
 The naming convention for the different Cisco IOS releases contains three
parts:
–The platform on which the image runs
–The special features supported in the image
–Where the image runs and whether it has been zipped or compressed
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show version Command
IOS version
Router up
time
System image file
Last restart & location
method
Number & type of

interfaces on the
NVRAM SPACE router
FLASH SPACE
Configuration
register setting
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show version Command
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Verify the router boot-up process
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Editing Commands
<Ctrl><A> Move to beginning of line
<Ctrl><E> Move to the end of the line
<Esc><B> Move back one word
<Ctrl><F> Move forward one character
<Ctrl><B> Move back on character
<Esc><F> Move forward one word
$ Sign means that the line has scrolled to the left
To disable enhanced editing mode, type terminal no
editing at the privileged EXEC mode prompt.
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SECTION SUMMARY
1. Router modes
2. Moving between Modes
3. Basic IOS command structure & CLI help
4. IOS "examination" commands
show version Command, show flash
5. IOS loading control
6. Editing Commands
7. Router Command History
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Basic configuration
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CLI Configuration
 Basic Router Configuration:
Naming the router
Setting passwords
Configuring interfaces
Configuring a banner
Saving changes on a router
Verifying basic configuration and router operations
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Configuring Router Identification
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Configuring a Router Password
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11.2.4 Configuring Interfaces
 Identify the role of a router in a network.
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Configuring Interfaces
S0/1
S0/0
192.168.1.2/30
192.168.1.1/30
Router#config t
RouterA(config)# interface serial 0/0
RouterA(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
RouterA(config-if)# no shutdown
RouterA(config-if)# clock rate 56000 (required for serial DCE only)
RouterA(config-if)# bandwidth 64 (a value in kbps)
RouterA(config-if)# exit
RouterB(config)# int serial 0/1

RouterB(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.252
RouterB(config-if)# no shutdown
RouterB(config-if)# exit
RouterB(config)# exit
Router#
To know which interface is the DCE :
RouterA# show controller s0/0
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Configuring a serial interface
DTE Cable DCE Cable
How can you tell which end is the DTE and which end is the DCE?
 Look at the label on the cable.
 Look at the connecter between the two cables - The DTE cable will
always be male and the DCE cable will always be female.
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Serial Interface show controller
Command
• Shows the cable type of serial cables
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Interfaces
Router#show ip interface brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial0/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
BRI0/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
BRI0/0:1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
BRI0/0:2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Router#
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Interpreting the Interface Status
S0/0
S0/1
Interface
is working
properly
Layer 1 status Layer 2 status

: Other interface status
- Serial0/1 is administratively down , line protocol is down
interface is shut down
Serial0/1 is down , line protocol is down -
interface or cable H/W failure ( no keep-alives )
Serial0/1 is up , line protocol is down -
different encapsulation type ( PPP , HDLC , FR ) or no clock rate
Chapter 1
. on the DCE device
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© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 54
Basic Switch configuration
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Managing Console Input
Router(config)#line console 0
Router(config-line)#logging synchronous
Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0
Router(config-line)#exit
Router(config)#no ip domain-lookup
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SECTION SUMMARY
1. Configuring Router Identification

2. Configuring a Router Password
3. Configuring Interfaces
4. Basic Switch configuration
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Viewing, Saving and
Erasing the
Configurations
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Router#show running-config running-config
Current configuration : 542 bytes
!
version 12.2
 The running-config file is
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
the configuration in RAM
no ip address memory.
shutdown
duplex auto
 All changes are made to
speed auto the running-config file.
!
interface Serial0/0
 This is the configuration
no ip address that the router is currently
shutdown using.
!
line con 0  The running-config is lost
line aux 0 when the router loses
line vty 0 4
power or reloads.
!
end  Privilege mode
Router#
command.
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Router#show startup-config startup-config
 The startup-config file is
startup-config is not present the saved configuration in
Router# NVRAM.
 If there is a startup-config
file in NVRAM when the
router boots up, this file
will be copied into
running-config.
 The running-config is
what the router will use.
 Privilege mode
command.
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Copy running-config to startup-config
Router#copy running-config startup-config

Destination filename [startup-config]? <Press Enter>
Building configuration...
[OK]
Router#show startup-config
Current configuration : 542 bytes
!
version 12.2
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
<text omitted>
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Erase startup-config
Router#erase startup-config
Erasing the nvram filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm] <Press
Enter>
[OK]
Erase of nvram: complete
Router#
 When you are done with the routers in the lab, please be sure to erase the startup-config.
 If you are starting a lab, and you do not get the message:
Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]:
 You will need to erase the startup-config and reboot.
 Privilege mode command.
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Cisco IOS copy Command
To save IOS image or
configuration file #
#
#
#
# #
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11.2.3 Managing configuration files
 Use a text file to backup and restore config settings
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Return the Device to Its Original Configuration
 Router#reload
 System configuration has been modified. Save?
[yes/no]: n
 Proceed with reload? [confirm]
 To erase the startup configuration file use erase
NVRAM:startup-config or erase startup-config at the
privileged EXEC mode prompt:
 Router#erase startup-config
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Discovering & testing
the network
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Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
 Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) is a powerful network-

monitoring and –troubleshooting tool.
 CDP is an information-gathering tool used by network
administrators to get information about directly
connected Cisco devices.
 CDP is a proprietary tool that enables you to access a
summary of protocol and address information about
Cisco devices that are directly connected.
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CDP Advertisements
 By default, each Cisco device sends periodic messages to directly

connected Cisco devices.
 These messages are known as CDP advertisements.
 A Cisco device frequently has other Cisco devices as neighbors on the
network.
 Information gathered from other devices can assist you:
in making network design decisions
in troubleshooting
in making changes to equipment.
CDP can be used as a network discovery tool
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Layer 2 Neighbors
 CDP operates at Layer 2 only.

 Therefore, CDP neighbors are Cisco devices that are
directly connected physically and share the same data link.
R1 ,S1, R2 are CDP neighbors
R2 , R1 , S2, R3 are CDP neighbors
R3 ,R2 S3 are CDP neighbors
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Discovering Neighbors with CDP
 CDP runs on routers with Cisco IOS
to get information about the direct connected
Cisco devices.
 Summary information
includes:
Device identifiers
Address list
Port identifier
Capabilities list
Platform
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Using the show cdp
neighbors Command
RouterA# show cdp neighbors detail

.provide also the neighbors ip addresses
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SH CDP Neighbor detail
 Cairo# sh cdp entry --------
 Device ID: tanta
 Entry address(es):
 IP address : 192.168.2.1
 Platform: cisco C2800, Capabilities: Router
 Interface: FastEthernet0/0, Port ID (outgoing port): FastEthernet0/1
 Hold time: 155
 Version :
 Cisco IOS Software, 2800 Software (C2800NM-IPBASE-M), Version
12.3(14)T7, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2)
 advertisement version: 2
 Duplex: full
 ---------------------------
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Enabling CDP on a Router
To enable CDP, use the cdp run global configuration command.
CDP is on by default. Use the no form of this command to disable
CDP.
Router(config)#cdp run
To enable Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) on an interface,

use the cdp enable interface configuration command. Use
the no form of this command to disable CDP on an interface.
CDP is enabled by default on all supported interfaces.
Router(config)#interface serial 0/0
Router(config-if)#cdp enable
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Using the ping and trace Commands
Ping commands tests the connectivity and path to a remote device

( test layer 3 in TCP/IP )
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IOS Ping Indicators
 A ping from the IOS will yield to one of several
indications for each ICMP echo that was sent. The
most common indicators are:
–! - indicates receipt of an ICMP echo reply
–. - indicates a timed out while waiting for a reply
–U - an ICMP unreachable message was received
 the ping command moves from Layer 3 of the OSI

model to Layer 2 and then Layer 1. Ping uses the ICMP
protocol to check for connectivity.
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11.3.3 Testing the Local Network
 Router#ping
 Protocol [ip]:
 Target IP address:10.0.0.1
 Repeat count [5]:
 Datagram size [100]:
 Timeout in seconds [2]:5
 Extended commands [n]: n
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TELNET
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To initiate a Telnet session any of the following
alternatives can be used:
Denver>connect paris
Denver>paris
Denver>131.108.100.152
Denver>telnet 131.108.100.152
Denver>telnet paris
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Using Telnet to Connect to Remote
Devices
Telnet is used to check all the TCP/IP stack
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Viewing Telnet Connections
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Suspending and Resuming
a Telnet Session
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Closing a Telnet Session
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Summary
1. Router Initialization.
2. Router Access
3. CLI First look
4. Basic configuration
5. Viewing, Saving and Erasing the Configurations
6. Discovering & testing the network
7. TELNET
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Ch11 1st Config Step

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Configuring and Testing

Network Fundamentals – Chapter 11

 Router is typically like a computer which operates with

–Hardware (Router physical components )

 Console port - Most common of the management ports

 Auxiliary (AUX) port

 Ethernet and Fast Ethernet interfaces.

 Example: serial, ISDN, and Frame Relay interfaces.

 Cisco routers support the EIA/TIA-232, EIA/TIA-449, V.35, X.21,

 Router is typically a DTE device.

 Typically, the router is the DTE

 In our labs we will use serial DTE/DCE cables (no

• Cisco IOS (Internetwork Operating System)

NVRAM store the startup configuration

FLASH full Cisco IOS software images.

1. Router hardware components

 Telnet – over the network

 Modem (AUX.PORT on the router)

 Unlike the console connection, Telnet sessions require

 The router will enter setup mode when:

1. ROUTER ACCESS METHODS

Router# show interfaces

Number & type of

RouterB(config)# int serial 0/1

DTE Cable DCE Cable

• Shows the cable type of serial cables

Router#show ip interface brief

Layer 1 status Layer 2 status

1. Configuring Router Identification

Router#copy running-config startup-config

 Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) is a powerful network-

 By default, each Cisco device sends periodic messages to directly

 CDP operates at Layer 2 only.

RouterA# show cdp neighbors detail

To enable Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) on an interface,

Ping commands tests the connectivity and path to a remote device

 the ping command moves from Layer 3 of the OSI

Telnet is used to check all the TCP/IP stack

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