Laws and

Regulations
related to Food
Production &
Marketing
Dr. Satish Jangra
2009A229M
 Need
Food is one of the essentials for maintenance
of life and is embedded in cultural and social
habits of people.
It is very important that the food available is
safe/hygiene, wholesome with right
nutritional content, free from infection /
bacterial contamination, intoxication,
contamination and adulteration.
Therefore Food Regulations and standards
have become a sensitive subject and the
regulation of the quality of the food products
the object of an increasing public interest.
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 Standardization Systems in
India
In the food and agriculture sector there are
number of organizations responsible for the
formulation of Standards and monitoring their
quality. These can be generally classified in
two systems as under.
A. Compulsory Legislations.
B. Voluntary Standards.


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 Compulsory Legislations
1.Prevention of Food Adulteration Act 1954
2.Essential Commodities Act 1954
Weights and measures
Fruit Products Order
Meat Food Products Order
Livestock Importation Act
Milk and Milk Products Order
Plant Quarantine Order
Export (Quality Control and Inspection) Act,
1963

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Prevention of Food
Adulteration Act 1954 (PFA-
1954)
The most important compulsory legislation in our
country in the area of Food Products.
The basic statutory regulation intended to protect
the common Consumer against the supply of
adulterated food products.
Provisions for prevention of adulteration of food
products.
Forbids sale, storage & distribution of any
adulterated or misbranded food products not
conforming to the Standards laid down under the
Rules.
Standards define the minimum quality and are
intended to ensure safety in the consumption of
food products and safe guard against harmful
impurities, contaminations and adulteration etc.
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Prevention of Food
Adulteration Act 1954 (PFA-
1954)
Provisions of this act are mandatory and
contravention to these rules leads to both
fine and imprisonment.
Protects India against impure, unsafe, and
fraudulently labelled foods.
The PFA standards and regulations apply
equally to domestic and imported products
and cover various aspects of food processing
and distribution.
Includes food colour, preservatives, pesticide
residues, packaging and labelling, and
regulationDr.ofSatish
05/25/11 sales.
Jangra 6
Essential Commodities Act
1954
A number of Control orders have been
formulated under the provisions of the
Essential Commodities Act.
The main objectives of the Act are to regulate
manufacture/production, Commerce/trading
and distribution of the essential commodities
including the food products.

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Weights and measures
Standards are administered by the Ministry of
Consumer Affairs, Food and Public
Distribution under the Standards of Weights
and Measures Act, 1976
All weights or measures must be recorded in
metric units and certain commodities can
only be packed in specified quantities
(weight, measure or number). These include
baby and weaning food, biscuits, bread,
butter, coffee, tea, vegetable oils, milk
powder, and wheat and rice flour.

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Weights and measures
Shelf life
At the time of importation food products are
required to have a valid shelf life, or residual
shelf life, of not less than 60 per cent of their
original shelf life.

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Fruit Products Order 1955
(FPO)
Regulates the fruit and vegetable processing sector
Administered by the Department of Food
Processing Industries.
Contains specifications and quality control
requirements regarding the production and
marketing of processed fruits and vegetables,
sweetened aerated water, vinegar, and synthetic
syrups.
All such processing units are required to obtain a
license under the FPO, and periodic inspections
are carried out.
Processed fruit and vegetable products imported
into the country must meet the FPO standards.
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Meat Food Products Order,
1973
Regulations for the production of meat products.
The Directorate of Marketing and Inspection at the
Ministry of Agriculture is the regulatory authority
The Order:
 Specifies sanitation and hygiene requirements for
slaughterhouses and manufacturers of meat
products.
 Contains packing, marking and labeling provisions
for containers of meat products.
 Defines the permissible quantity of heavy metals,
preservatives, and insecticide residues in meat
products.
 Applicable to both domestic processors and
05/25/11
importers of meat products.
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Livestock Importation
Act, 1898
The import of meat products, eggs and egg
powder and milk products require a sanitary
import permit from the Department of Animal
Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries at the
Ministry of Agriculture.
A detailed import risk analysis is carried out,
taking into account the disease situation
prevailing in the exporting country compared
with the disease situation in India.


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Milk and Milk Products
Order, 1992
Controls the production, distribution and
supply of milk products.
The Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying
and Fisheries at the Ministry of Agriculture is
the regulatory authority.
Sets sanitary requirements for dairies,
machinery, and premises, and includes
quality control, certification, packing, marking
and labeling standards for milk and milk
products.
Also applicable to imported products.
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Plant Quarantine Order,
2003
The Plant Quarantine (Regulation of Import into India)
Order, 2003 prohibits and regulates the import of
agricultural articles.
The implementing agency is the Directorate of Plant
Protection, Quarantine, and Storage, under the
Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry
of Agriculture.
Order includes:
 A ban on the import of certain plants and planting
materials from designated countries (e.g. sugarcane
from Australia)
 A restriction on the import of other plants and plant
materials to authorized institutions, with additional
declarations and special conditions attached.
 A requirement for additional declarations (such as a
phytosanitary certificate issued by the exporting
country) and special conditions for a further positive
05/25/11 list of plants
Dr. Satishand
Jangraplant materials. 14
Export (Quality Control and
Inspection) Act, 1963
The Export Inspection Council is responsible for the
operation of this Act.
A large number of exportable commodities have
been notified for compulsory pre-shipment
inspection.
The quality control and inspection of various export
products is administered through a network of
more than fifty offices located around major
production centres and ports of shipment.
Recently, the government has exempted
agriculture and food products, fruit products and
fish and fishery products from compulsory pre-
shipment inspections; provided that the exporter
has a firm letter from the overseas buyer stating
that the same.
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Voluntary Standards:
1. Bureau of Indian Standards
2. Directorate of Marketing and Inspection
(D.M.I.)
3. Eco-Mark
4. ISO Standards:

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Bureau of Indian
Standards
The main functions are formulation of Indian
standards for food and food products and their
implementation by promotion and through
voluntary and third party certification systems.
Standards cover raw materials permitted and their
quality parameters; hygienic conditions under
which products are manufactured and packaging
and labeling requirements.
Manufacturers complying with standards laid down
by the BIS can obtain and "ISI" mark that can be
exhibited on product packages.
BIS has identified certain items like food
colours/additives, vanaspati, and containers for
packing, milk powder and condensed milk, for
compulsory certification.
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
Directorate of Marketing
and Inspection (D.M.I.)
Enforces the Agricultural Products (Grading and
Marketing) Act, 1937.
Grade Standards are prescribed for agricultural and
allied commodities, known as "Agmark"
Standards.
The quality of the product is assessed with
reference to factors like areas\ of production,
variety, shape, weight, color, moisture, fat
content and relevant chemical and physical
parameters.
Grading under the provisions of the Act is
voluntary.
Manufacturers who comply with standard laid down
by DMI are
05/25/11 allowed
Dr. Satish Jangra to use "Agmark" labels on
18
Eco-Mark
The Ministry of Environment and Forests have
instituted on labeling of environment friendly
products, on a national basis.
The scheme provides to identifying, accreditation
and labeling of consumer products which do least
damage to the environment and also meet the
quality standards/requirements of the relevant
Indian Standard for the product.
Some of the food products identified under the
ECO-MARK Certification are Tea, Coffee, Refined
Vegetable oils, Vanaspati, Food
Additives/Preservatives, Processed Fruits and
Vegetable Products, Infant Foods and Beverages.
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ISO Standards
The International Standards Organization has
introduced the quality system standards ISO 9000
series. These Standards provide guidelines and
criteria for the formal control of products and
services by the manufacturing company and
assure the purchaser/consumer a consistent
acceptable standard of products and services.
The ISO 9000 system builds a baseline system for
managing quality. The focus, therefore, is on
designing a total quality management system,
The millennium standard (ISO 9000:2000) has
changed the focus from procedure to process.

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ISO Standards
The main features of the ISO 9000:2000
standards are:
Refinement in the presentation to make
reading easy and elimination of general
inauditable statements such as
"consideration shall be given”
The present standard gave an impression that
it was applicable to manufacturing situation
though it was applied in organizations of
different types and sizes, including the
service sector. The new standard is a broad-
based standard applicable to all sectors.
 In the newDr.standards,
05/25/11 Satish Jangra approach has changed
21
Other Government
Regulations
Industrial License
Foreign Investment
Foreign Technology Agreements
Import of Capital Goods
Import of Second Hand Capital Goods


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Industrial License:
No license is required for setting up a Dairy
Project in India. Only a Memorandum has to
be submitted to the Secretariat for Industrial
Approvals (SIA) and an acknowledgment is to
be obtained.
However Certificate of Registration is required
under the Milk and Milk Products Control
Order (MMPO) 1992.


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Foreign Investment
Foreign Investment in dairying requires prior
approval from the Secretariat of Industrial
Approvals, Ministry of Industry, as dairying
has not been included in the list of High
Priority Industries.
Automatic approval is given upto 51% Foreign
Investment in High Priority Industries.
In case of other Industries, proposals are
cleared on case to case basis.
Government allows 51% without enforcing the
old limit of 40% applicable under Foreign
Exchange Regulations Act at its discretion.

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Foreign Technology
Agreements
Foreign Technology Agreements are freely
allowed in high priority industries under the
following terms:
Lump sum payment of Rs 10 million
Royalty payment of 5% on domestic sales and
8% as exports subject to total payment of
8% on sales turnover, over a 10 year period
from the date of agreement or 7 years from
commencement of production.
Foreign Technology Agreements in dairying
also need prior approval. Foreign Exchange
required for payment of Royalty will have to
be purchased at market rates.
05/25/11 Foreign Dr.
Technicians
Satish Jangra can be freely hired. 25
Import of Capital Goods
Import of capital goods is automatically
allowed if it is financed through Foreign
Equity.
Alternatively, approval is needed from the
Secretariat of Industrial Approvals.
The approval depends on the availability of
Foreign Exchange Resources.

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Import of Second Hand
Capital Goods
Import of Second hand goods is allowed
subject to the following conditions:
Minimum Residual life of 5 years
The equipment should not be more than 7
years old
A certificate from the Chartered Engineers of
the country of origin certifying the age and
the Residual life is to be produced.
Import will be allowed only for actual users.

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Implementation of
Standards/Quality Control
For effective implementation of the regulatory standards
and monitoring the quality of the graded and certified
foods and food products made available by the
manufacturers requires a network of Testing /
Analytical Laboratories with basic modern analytical
facilities and technical manpower.
The functions of these laboratories is:
 To carry out/undertake the testing of the food products
as per various regulatory standards and ascertain
their compliance to the relevant standards.
 Undertake Research and Development (R&D)
investigations, Collaborative Studies and generation
of data for evolving new standards and revising the
existing standards and quality assessment studies.
 To identify and take corrective actions on non-
conformities observed by quality assessments.
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Quality Control
Before undertaking the testing of Food
Products it is necessary to classify the Foods
Products and the quality tests to be
undertaken.
Food and Food Products are classified as under:
Sugar and Honey products.
Edible Starches and Starch Products.
Food Grains and their Products.
Bakery and Confectionery.
Protein Rich Foods.
Spices and Condiments.
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Quality Control
Fruits and Vegetable Products.
Stimulant Foods like Tea, Coffee, Cocoa
Powder.
Alcoholic Drinks and Carbonated Beverages.
Dairy Products.
Meat, Fish and Poultry.
Oils, Fats and Oil Seeds.
Food Colors, Preservatives, Additives.
Snacks, Fast Foods, Cooked Foods.


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Suggestions to ensure food
safety
 After getting a thorough knowledge about the food safety and
quality standards in India, we have to understood what Indian
agriculture need. Following are some of the suggestions to see
greener India in the future.
 Use of advanced biotechnological methods in agricultural
production.
 Ensure proper implementation of Quality Standards to maintain
quality in food.
 Constant and rapid change in the agricultural methods which
meets global standards should be implemented.
 There is a need to shift from the existing expensive, inefficient
and corruption ridden institutional arrangements to those that
will ensure cheap delivery of requisite quality grains in a
transparent manner and are self-targeting.
 Government should attract students to take specialized
agriculture courses wherein they will gain knowledge about the
importance of agriculture in the near future.
 Farmers should be aware of the quality standards to be followed
which will lead them to better yield of crops.

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Conclusion
As awareness regarding food safety and standards
is growing the need to adopt new safety
measures us arising.
The increase in world food trade has raised interest
in food safety requirements. India should realize
the need to meet these challenges and keep pace
with international developments. So in order to
ensure Food Safety and Security in India, the
Government should take necessary measures for
proper implementation of the Quality Standards
in place.
The Consumer is primarily interested in his health
being protected from the hazards of consuming
contaminated / adulterated food than the legal
action". So, in order to safeguard the consumer
interest theDr.Food
05/25/11 Standards must be adopted and
Satish Jangra 32
References
http://agricoop.nic.in/
http://bis.org.in
http://fcamin.nic.in
http://foodsafetyindia.nic.in/
http://fcamin.nic.in/
http://csca.and.nic.in/weight.htm



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