Electrode
Liquid-Membrane Electrode
employs as the membrane a water-immiscible liquid
which will selectively bond the ion being determined.
it is similar to the glass pH electrode in that it contains
an internal silver-silver chloride electrode and an
internal reference solution or fixed composition.
has a hydrophobic membrane impregnated with a
hydrophobic ion exchanger (called an ionophore) that
is selective for analyte ion.
develops across the interface between the solution
containing the analyte and a liquid-ion exchanger that
selectively bonds with the analyte ion.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED LIQUID-MEMBRANE ELECTRODES
Analyte ion Active membrane Concentration range Recommended pH Selectively coefficients
material (M) range
Ca2+ Calcium di(n-decyl)- 100 – 10-6 6 – 10 Zn2+ = 3.2; Fe2+ = 0.8; Mg2+ =
phosphate 0.14; Na+ = 0.003
Ca2+ + Mg2+ Similar to that for Ca2+ 10-2 – 10-5 6 – 10 Zn2+ = 3.5; Fe2= = 3.5; Cu2+ =
(divalent electrode 3.1; Na+ = 0.015
cation)
or
Example Problem 2
A perchlorate-ion electrode in 2.56 x 10-4 M
NaClO4 has an electrode of 0.023 V. Enough
sodium perchlorate is added to the solution
to make its concentration 5.03 x 10-2 M
without changing the volume. The new
electrode potential is -0.037 V. Calculate
the selectivity of the electrode for
perchlorate over chlorate ions.
the value of Q can be calculated from this equation using
the electrode potential measured with no perchlorate
present:
or
Example Problem 3
A nitrate-ion electrode in 7.98 x 10-4 M
AgNO3 has an electrode potential of 0.056
V. Enough silver nitrate is added to the
solution without changing the volume. The
new electrode potential is -0.024 V.
Calculate the concentration of the nitrite ion
after the addition of silver nitrate. The
selectivity of nitrate over nitrite ions is 85.
the value of Q can be calculated from this equation using
the electrode potential measured with no nitrate present:
or
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