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1.

1 Understanding that humans have basic needs

Basic Needs
Of Human

To protect from



1.2 Understanding that animals have basic needs

air water

Types :
Basic Needs •
Of Animals •

food
Shelter

To protect from



1.3 Understanding that plants have basic needs

Plants Have Basic Needs

With : Without :
• •
• •
• •
2.1 Analysing life processes that humans undergo

– take in air
Nose/Mouth Wind-pipe Lungs
– give out air
Purpose :

Number of chest movement

In a period of time

Analysing Life Processes That


Human Undergo

A process to produce
Organs
Their young or offspring
- Sight
- Smell Faeces
( Carbon dioxide
- Taste + water vapour )
- Sound ( urine + mineral salt )
- Touch ( Sweat + mineral salt )
2.2 Being aware that certain behaviour can disturb life processes

Behaviour That Can Disturb


Life Processes

Effects
• Effects
• •


How to avoid
2.3 Analysing the life processes that animals undergo

Animals Life Processes

To get rid of waste product Organs Lay Eggs Give Birth


from their bodies

Monkey • fish • crab • frog • insects


• bird • prawn • earthworm
• whale
Science Year 4
INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS plants respond to stimuli. the part of plant that responds
2. Living Things Undergo Life Processes to water
water, sunlight, touch, gravity.

Roots
various ways plants reproduce
through…seeds, spores, suckers, stem cutting,
leaves, underground stem.

the part of plant that responds


to gravity.

2.4 Roots
Life processes
plants undergo
the part of plant that responds
what will happen to the world if
to sunlight.
plants do not reproduce.

Shoot
no food supply./Ttiada sumber makanan

plants reproduce.

why plants need to reproduce Seeds – balsam, corn, durian


Spores – fern, mushroom
to ensure the survival of the species./ Suckers – banana, pineapple
Stem cutting – hibiscus, rose, tapioca
the part of plant that responds
meneruskan kemandirian species Leaves – bryophyllum, begonia to touch.
Stem – potato, onion, ginger and lily
3.1 animals have specific characteristics and
behaviour to protect themselves

Special characteristics The special characteristics and special behaviour


of animals that protect them behaviour of animals help to of animals that protect them
protect them from danger. from danger.
from danger.

Sharp claws
To protect themselves and their
Thick and hard skin
Young from the enemies- lion ,cat,
To prevent their enemies from injuring
Bears, and eagle.

Hard shell Pretend to dead


Snails and tortoise retract their head To trick their enemies –e.g.: beetle
And legs into the shell when the are
Attacked by enemies
Camouflage
Hard scales
Has body colour or patterns that that are
Pangolins and crocodiles have hard
Similar to the surrounding
scales To protect their bodies
from injuries
Spines Spray black ink
Raise the sharp spines when Dark surrounding helps the animal not
the enemies to been seen by enemies
Advance towards them – e.g: octopus, squid

Horns Poisonous sting or fangs


Use their horn to attack enemies. Can hurt and kill enemies-e.g..: scorpion,
centipede snake , bee.
3.2/3.3
Animals have specific characteristics
and behaviour to protect themselves from
extreme weather and survive

specific characteristics and how specific characteristics and


behavior of animals that protect behavior of animals help to protect
them from very hot and cold weather. them from very hot or cold weather.

Hot weather Cold weather

Thick Fur
Polar bears have thick fur to prevent the body
Wrinkled Skin
From losing heat to cold surroundings.
Elephant ,hippopotamuses and buffaloes
lose body heat through wrinkled skins
Fat Layers Under The Skins
Wallowing Penguins, seals, and whales have fat layers under
Elephant, hippopotamuses and buffaloes their skin to keep their bodies warm
keep their body cool by wallowing in
mud holes Small Ears
Seals and Walruses have small ears to prevent
Heat loss from their bodies.
Humps
Camels store food and water in the form
Hibernate
Of fats in the humps on their back.
Polar bears hibernates during extreme cold
Weather
3.4 Plants have
specific characteristics to protect
themselves from enemy

The specific characteristics How the specific


of plants that protect them characteristics of
from enemies plants help to
protect them
from enemies.
Produces characteristics that
latex protect plants.

Have thorns

poisonous
Have fine hairs
Close leaflets
when touch
3.5 Plants have specific characteristics to
protect themselves from dry region and
strong wind

strong wind
dry region

Eg: Coconut tree,


. bamboo tree,
Eg : cactus mangrove tree

a. Long roots to absorb water


b. Succulent stem can store a. Have stems that bend easily
water b. Have buttress roots
c. Thorn can can prevent c. Have separated leaves
the excessive loss of d. Needle- shaped leaves
water
INVESTIGATING FORCE AND
ENERGY
1.3 Solid
1.2 Area Volume
1.4 Liquid

1.1 Length
MEASUREMENT 1.5 Mass

1.7 Standard units 1.6 Time


Measuring tape String Arm span
Terminology

Cubit
- The distance
Ways to measure
between two
points/place/position
Ruler

1.1Length Standard Tools

Correct technique
Measuring tape Ruler
- The eye must be
directly above the
end of object
Unit

mm cm m km
Terminology
1.2 Area Standard unit

- Square millimetre (mm2)


- Area is the amount of - Square centimetre (cm2)
Space taken up by the - Square metre (m2)
surface of an object. - Square kilometre (km2)

Different ways to measure area

- Using formula
- by placing uniform - Using square card with a
objects such as tiles, 2cm
sides of 1 centimetre
books and stamps
on the surface of 3cm 4cm
the objects Area = length X width
1cm = 4cm X 2 cm
3cm = 8cm2
1cm
The amount of space that
something takes up measuring
cylinder

Terminology
Length x width x height Tools

Formula
Volume 1.4 Liquid

Standard Units
1.3 Solid
Correct technique
ml, l

Standard Units
a) taking the reading at the
lowest part of the meniscus.
mm3, cm3, m3 b) eyes must be at the same level
as the lowest part of the meniscus
Terminology Correct technique

- Amount of matter in
an object

1.5 Mass
Electronic
balance

Simple Tools Bathroom Standard unit


balance scale

Beam Kitchen Lever


balance scale balance mg g kg
Terminology Standard unit

1.6 Time
- Duration between - Second , minute , hour
two event

Way to measure
Tool

Process that repeats uniformly


can be used to measure time - Digital clock , watch ,
wrist watch , clock

Events can be used measuring time

Old clock
-Swinging pendulum
-Pulse rate candle
- Sundial , sand
-water dripping
clock , candle clock
-Changing day and night
1.7 The Importance of Standard Units

- for accuracy and - easy to communicate


consistency and understanding
Investigating
Materials
metal carbon glass plastics wood

Conduct Light to pass Insulator


electricity through

1.1
The properties of materials

Float on water Sink in water Can be stretch conduct heat

wood stone rubber ring metal


1.2
Applying knowledge
properties of materials in everyday life

Suggest ways Suggest ways


to keep things hot to keep things cold

Covered with insulators

hot thing cold thing

To prevent prevent from


heat loss absorbing heat
1.3
Uses of
materials based on their properties

List of object
and materials that they Reason why particular
are made of materials are used to
make an object

object materials properties

spoon metal hard


cheap strength
tissue wood Soft
glasses glass transparent
easy to get good quality
1.4
The importance of
reuse, reduce and recycle of materials

wood cotton metal plastics synthetic cloth

natural Man-made
materials rubber glass
materials

State that man-made materials


comes from natural materials

reducing reusing recycling

public transport plastic bag bottle plastics glass


1.6 RUSTING CAN PREVENTED

DIFFERENT WAYS TO THE NECESSARY TO


PREVENT OBJECTS FROM
RUSTING PREVENT RUSTING

Coating with non *Everlasting Live


rusting materials
*Save Natural
*paint
material
*oil
*Save Cost
*grease
*Looking good

*Conclusion; Rusting can be avoided by preventing iron contact


with air and water.
UNDERSTANDING THAT SOME
MATERIALS CAN BE RUST

RUSTY OBJECTS NON RUSTY


OBJECTS

OBJECT MADE OF OBJECT MADE OF


IRON AND STEEL GLASS PLASTIC,
WOOD, CLAY AND SILK

*Nail *Glass
*Spoon *Bottle
*Knife *Cup
*Needle *Pencil
INVESTIGATING
THE EARTH
AND
THE UNIVERSE
-Nine Planets
Mercury – My
-Natural satellites
-Meteors THE Venus – Very
Earth – Excellent
-Comets SOLAR Mars – Mother
-Asteroids
SYSTEM Jupiter – Just
Saturn – Served
Uranus – Us
Neptune – Nine
List of Pluto – Pudding
constituents

List of planets
1.1
The solar system

Planets
move around
the Sun
the Moon
the Earth the Earth
the Sun 4
100 1
1
Size of the Earth
Size of the Sun relative to the size
relative to the size of the Moon.
of the Earth. 1.2 The relative size
and distance between
the Earth, the Moon
and the Sun
The relative distance from
the Earth to the Sun compared
to the relative distance from the
Earth to the Moon.

the Earth the Moon


the Sun
150 000 000 km 382 500 km
1 : 400
Much nearer :
•The nearer a planet to the Sun is, •The temperature on the Earth would rise.
the hotter is the surface of the planet . •Water on Earth would evaporate.
•The farther a planet from the Sun is, •No water and the temperature would be
the colder is the surface of the planet. very hot.
•Do not have enough air and water. Much farther :
•The temperature on the Earth would drop.
•Water would freeze into ice.
•All living things would die.
1.3
Appreciating the perfect placement
of the planet Earth in the
Solar System
Why certain planets
are not conducive The Earth is EFFECT
for living things. the only planet in the
Solar System that
has living things.

•Earth is the third planet from the Sun, it receives enough light
and heat from the Sun.
•It is not too hot or too cold.
•The atmosphere of the Earth contains air and there is water
on Earth.
INVESTIGATING
TECHNOLOGY
1.1.Understanding the importance of technology in everyday life

Examples of human limitations are


Limitation of human ability • Unable to see fine objects
•Unable to speak loud
•Unable to walk for long distance
•Unable to see far away objects
Microscope
- The usage of lens to see fine
features of objects and microbes
Microphone
-To increase the voice volume
Telephone Devices to overcome
-To communicate from long distance human limitation
Bicycle, motorcycle, airplanes
-Can travel long distance
in a shorter time
Telescope, binocular
- To see far away objects
Agriculture
TECHNOLOGY
e.g.:
1.2 hoe plough tractor
Understanding The
Development Of
combine harvester
Technology Transportation
Land: Animal bicycle
car train
Examples Air: hot air balloon airship
glider aeroplane
Water: canoe raft
sampan ferry
ship
Construction
Communication
Cave hut wooden house
Drawing carrier pigeon
apartment

Telephone
TECHNOLOGY Cannot move farther

Problems they
encounter in their daily life

1.3 Cannot move and lift heavy thing


Synthesising Brain storming
how technology
can be used to Ideas to solve
solve problems the problems identified

Sketch the model


wheelbarrow
Demonstrate that device
invented can be used to Device to solve
solve the problem lever
the problem identified.
identified

Pully – can lift everything Wheel barrow – can move heavything easily
1.4 Analysing That Technology Can Benefit Mankind If Used Wisely

Advantages of Technology Disadvantages of Technology

•Communication Environmental pollution from increase


Enable human to learn more about In waste materials
things happening around the world
•Transportation Environmental destruction result from
Enable human to travel excessive usage of natural resources
far away places in shorter time
•Agriculture Social problem
Machines make it easier to plants
and harvest their crops Bad effects on health result from
•Construction environmental pollution and excessive
Roads, highways, bridges and use of chemicals
building is easier and faster to build
1.1 Understanding that microorganism is a living things

Microorganism

Bacteria Fungi Protozua Virus

Characteristics

Cannot see with


Breathe Move Grow
naked eyes

• Rotten oranges tiny


Cause the
• Mouldy rice
dough rise
1.1 Understanding that some microorganism are harmful and some are useful

Some Organisms Are Harmful And


Some Are Useful

Useful Harmful Prevention

Washing hand
Making bread/ Can cause Disease Drink boiled water
tapai/tempe/fertilizer
Covering mouth &
Stomach upset nose when coughing
& sneezing
Measles/cough

Illness Food Tooth decay


poisoning Tooth Conjunctivitis/mumps
Food decay
stale
how animals take care of
Their eggs and young.
Examples animals that take Bird - Eggs with shell covering
care of their eggs and young. Frog - Eggs are thick, slimy and having bad smell
Spider - kept in a bag underneath its body
Bird, Frog, Spider, Fish, Snake, Fish - keep their young in their mouths
turtle, Kangroo, Elephant Snake, Tiger - attack in order to protect their eggs
Turtle - hide their eggs
Kangaroo - carry their young in their pouches
Elephant - stay in herds
2.1
Survival of Animal
Species

Why animals take care of


their eggs and young. Shortage of food resource
To ensure the survival
2.3
of their species Importance

Animals and plants species


may face extinction.
Agents of dispersal Special characteristic Examples

• Light • Coconut
Water • Air Space in the fruits • Lily
• Not water absorbent

• Light • Shorea
Wind
• Small in size • Angsana
2.2
• Winged • Lalang
Survival of Plant
Species
• Rubber fruit
Explosive • Dry when ripe
• Balsam fruit
mechanism • Explodes when mature
• Chestnut

• Brightly coloured • Rambutan


Animal • Edible • Mango
• Have smells • Love grass
• Have hook • Mimosa
3.1 Food Chain

Classify animals into


Animals and the
Producer herbivore, carnivore Construct food chain Consumer
food they eat
and omnivore.

All living things need Green plant obtain Herbivore :


Animals that eat plants only. The food relationship Animals that eat plant
food to survive. energy from
e.g.: cow, goat, deer among living things or other animals
Green plant can make their the sun to make can be shown by are called consumers.
own food. However food. Green a food chain.
animals cannot Plant as a producer
make their own make Carnivore:
their own food. Animals that eat other animals.
e.g.: tiger, lion
To construct food
chain It must start
with plant as
Omnivore: a producer.
Animals that eat plants and
other animals
In a food chain
the arrow

means ‘eaten by’


3.2 Synthesizing food chain
to construct food web.

What will happen


Food Food What will happen to a certain species
web web of different If there is a change in of animals if they
habitats population of a certain eat only one type
species in a food web of food

A change in the population They will face difficulty


of a certain species to survive – if the
will effect the Population Source of food
of other species runs out
garden

Paddy field
1 Energy

2 Electricity

3 Light

4 Heat
INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY
- by living things to carry
- to move, boil, melt,
out life processes.
or bounce non-living things
Ex : moving, breathing,
growing Why energy
is needed?

ENERGY 1.1 The Uses of Energy Sun

- main source of energy


Water The Sources of Energy - produces light and heat

- moving or
falling water Food
produce Batteries
energy Fuel Wind - food contains
stored energy
- device that - wood, coal, - Moving air
generated petroleum, - Used to pump
electrical energy natural gas water, drive
from chemical energy small sawmills
INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY
Light energy Electrical energy Kinetic energy

Heat energy Chemical energy

Sound energy
Form of energy
Potential energy

ENERGY 1.2 Energy can be transformed from


one form to another

Energy can be
Example of appliance that make use of
transformed
energy transform

a) lighting a candle
Chemical energy → a) Electric iron
heat energy + light energy Electrical energy → heat energy

b) Radio
b) Kicking a ball
Electrical energy → sound energy
Chemical energy →
kinetic energy → c) Television
heat energy Electrical energy → sound energy + light energy
INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY
Resources – Resources –
Energy that Energy that be
solar, wind, natural gas,
cannot replenished when
biomass fuel, petroleum,
be replaced it is used up
water coal

Non-renewable energy ENERGY Renewable energy

1.3 Renewable and


Non-renewable Energy

How to use energy


Why use energy wisely

Avoid
wastage
Some energy
Turn off the Switch off the
resources cannot
Reduce television when lights before
be replenished
when used up pollution no one going to leave
To save watching it the room
cost
Dry cell

Precautions Electricity Sources Dynamo

Solar cell
Danger of mishandling
electrical appliances Accumulator

Fire Burn

Electrocution Type of circuit


Electric shock

Safety Parallel circuit Series circuit Symbol and component


precautions to be
taken when using
appliances Name Symbol
Do not touch electrical Dry cell
appliances with wet hand
Connecting
Do not repair electrical Differences wire
appliances on your own
Switch
The bulb in the parallel circuit is brighter
then the bulb in the series circuit Bulb
Light

Travel in a straight line Can be reflected

How ?

The light that


Uses of reflection falls on objects
‘bounces off’
How shadow
the objects and
is formed
Periscope Kaleidoscope comes to your
eyes
When light is Side mirror of a car
completely mirror
or partially
blocked by Opaque object
an opaque
object
Light
Shadow form
Heat Gain Warmer

Loss Cooler

The effects of heat


on matter
How to measure temperature
using the correct technique

Matter expands Matter contract


when heated when cooled
Investigating
Materials
wood water milk air

solid liquid gas

stone stem
examples

1.1 Matter exist in the form of solid, liquid or gas

Properties of solid Properties of liquid Properties of gas

has mass fixed shape has mass

fixed volume can't fixed Can't fixed


fixed has mass shape volume
volume
no permanent shape
can compressed
solid - liquid melting

Boiling

Affected by windy and hot


liquid - gas
1.2 weather
CHANGING
STATES OF evaporation
WATER
gas - liquid condensation

liquid - gas Freezing


1.3
condensatio
Understanding the water cycle. n
evaporation

Formation of clouds sea


Importance of water.
and rain.
Circulation of water in
the environment.

Changes in the states of


matter in the water cycle

Gas → liquid (Condensation)

Droplets of water will


Liquid to gas (evaporation) become bigger and
heavier → rain
To prevent living aquatic from being
destroyed and undergoing extinction To avoid infected
diseases

To regulate Reasons to keep our


the formation of water resources clean. To ensure the cleanliness
clouds and rain of water supply

1.4
Appreciating the importance
of water resources.

Ways to keep our water


resources clean

Keep the rivers clean Cleanliness campaign


2.1 The properties of acid,
alkaline and neutral substances.

Identify acidic, alkaline Identify the taste of acidic


and neutral substances and alkaline food.
using litmus paper.

Changes in colour • Conclude the properties of


of litmus papers acidic, alkaline and neutral bitter sour
substances.
blue to red red to blue Properties of acid

Properties of alkali
acid alkaline Taste sour & change
Properties of blue litmus paper red
Taste bitter & change neutral substances
no change
red litmus paper blue
Other tastes –
neutral
no changes in litmus paper
INVESTIGATING
THE EARTH
AND
THE UNIVERSE
planting harvesting
Constellation desert
Importance of
Indicates
constellation sea
Seasons

Show
What constellation is directions
1.1 Understanding
the constellation
A group of stars that form a
certain pattern in the sky June - August Scorpion

Scorpion
Identify
Southern Cross constellation south

Orion

South April – June Big dipper North


Hunter
Kite or Cross
Water dipper North December - January
THE EARTH , THE MOON Earth rotates Moon rotates
AND THE SUN on it axis on it axis

Moon rotates
and at the
2.1 Earth rotates same time
and at the moves around
The movements same time the Earth
of the Earth, the Moon moves around
and the Sun the sun

The changes The Moon and


The earth
in length and position the Earth move
rotates on its axis
of the shadow round the Sun at
from west to east
throughout the day the same time
night-time

daytime

the Sun the Earth

It is night time for


It is day time for the part the part of the Earth facing
of the Earth facing the Sun. away from the Sun.

2.2
The occurrence of day and night

axis

Day and night occur


due to the rotation of the Earth
on its axis. west east
2.3 Phases Of The Moon

Describe the phases


of the moon
The Moon Does Not Emit Light

The Moon appear bright


when it reflect sunlight

1-New moon, 3- New half moon, 5- Full moon


7- Old half moon
INVESTIGATING
TECHNOLOGY
1.1
The shapes of objects in a structure

The shape of objects Identify shape in structure

Cylinder
Sphere

Cube Cuboid Cylinder

Sphere Pyramid Cone


Strength Shapes of objects that are
and
Stability stable
Cube, cone, cylinder

The factors that affect


stability of objects
1.2 Height , base area
The strength
How base area affects
and stability
stability
Bigger base area more stable
of a structure
Smaller base area less stable

How height affects stability


Lower object more stable
Design a model that
Higher object less stable
is strong and stable
The factors that affect the
Suggested design strong and stable
strength of a structure
Bridge – one with manila card
one with wood Types of materials used
Steel ,Iron, Wood
INVESTIGATING LIVING
THINGS
1.1
Animals

Some Some
live in groups live in solitary
(Animals that live together) (Animals that live by themselves)

zebra bees ants giraffes snake cat lizard tiger

For safety
To avoid competition for food
For Food
 To avoid competition for space

Cooperation is a form
of interaction
Sunlight Limited sunlight can reach them

Water Limited water resources


Reason
Space Limited space

Nutrient Limited nutrient

Factors for compete

Plants 1.2
Understanding that competition is a form of
Animals Interaction among living things

Factors for compete

Food Limited food resources

Water Limited water resources

Mate Reason Trying to get mate to breed

Shelter Defending or looking for shelter

Space Defending or looking for space


•Dodo bird •Tiger •Raflessia
•Dinosaur •Turtle •Pitcher plant
•Auk bird •Orang Utan •Venus fly trap
•Desert rat kangaroo •Panda •Wild orchid
•Mammoth •Rhinoceros
•Quagga •Hornbill
•Tasmanian wolf Endangered plant
•Blue Whale

Extinct animal Endangered animal ways to prevent


extinction
1.3
Factors Understanding the
of Extinction responsibility of human beings Campaign against
in protecting endangered species excessive Logging
Educate the public about
the importance of protecting
& conserving animals & plant
Illegal Hunting Avoid consuming or buying
Elephant – Tusk Excessive development products made from
Water & air Pollution endangered species
Tiger – Skin & Bone
Many habitat has Enforcing the law
Blue Whale – Fat Replanting
Giant Panda – Fur destroyed Selective logging
Rhinoceros - Horn Extreme Weather Setting up forest reserved
Setting rehabilitation centre
Long dry season Encourage recycle , reuse
Illegal Logging
Flood & reduce Campaign
Human cut trees
Forest fire
Forest clearing
The destruction of habitat
The Lost of habitat
The lose of raw material &food supplies
Erosion Climate changes
Landslide The rise in temperature on earth
Flash-Floods Extinction of endangered species
Water & Air pollution The balance in nature is disturbed
The loss of the Earth’s natural water basin

Environmental destruction Impact of uncontrolled


caused by human activities human activities to the Earth

Air &
water Pollution 1.4
Knowing the impact of human
Excessive use of
fertilisers, activities on environment.
pesticides
& herbicides
Impact of human activities to
Heavy usage of environmental destruction Extinction of
motor vehicles endangered
Air pollution species
Illegal & Excessive hunting

Illegal & Excessive Improper management of Air &


•Erosion water Pollution
Logging •Landslide waste from factory
Clearing Forest •Flash-Floods
Improper management •Loss of Improper management of
Water Pollution
of development habitats waste from household
Flash flood
INVESTIGATING FORCE
AND ENERGY

1.Force 2.Movement
D
INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY
E
F Pull – an action of bringing an object Stop a moving object
I towards us
N Move a stationary object
I
T
Effects
Change the shape of an object
I Push – an action of moving an object
O away
N Change the motion an object

Change direction of moving object

Make object move faster or slower

FORCE
Friction

Definition Effects Reduce Advantages/Disadvantages

-Lubricant :oil, wax,


-Force that apposes -Surfaces warm. Advantages
grease or water
the movement of an 1. Hold thing
object. -Difficult to move 2. Walk without slipping
-Air cushion
3. Sharpen a knife
-Two surfaces occurs -Wear and tear. 4. Slow down moving
rub against each -Talcum powder
other -Slow down and
-Roller marbles Disadvantages
stop 1. Worn out the shoes / tyre
2. Produce heat
-Ball bearing
A measurement on how fast an object moves

Definition
Movement
Conclusion

an object an object
which moves which move Speed
faster travels faster takes a
a longer shorter time
distance in a travel a given
given time distance

Calculation

Formula
Speed = distance / time

Unit
• km/h,
• m/s ,
• cm/s
INVESTIGATING
MATERIALS
Food that has turned bad and
is not suitable to be eaten
What is Condition for
spoilt food microbes to grow

•Air
Characteristics of •Water
Spoilt Food 1.1 Food Spoilage •Nutrient
•Suitable
•Unpleasent smell Temperature
eg. Fish with bad smell ( 5°C - 65° C )
•Unpleasent taste •Suitable acidity
eg. milk turns sour
•Changed colour Microbes that
spoilt food
eg.vegetables, rice
•Changed texture
eg. Yogurt turns curd
•Mouldy Bacteria Fungus
eg. Yogurt have many
black spots
Example :
Example : Example : Example :
eggs, vegetables, fruits
fish, prawn, fruits Eggs, water Biscuits, crackers,
Reason :
Reason : Reason : Reason :
Cold temperature slow
Bacteria and fungi cannot Boiled will killed bacteria Bacteria and fungi
down the growth of
grow without water and fungi cannot grow
bacteria and fungi
without water
Boiling Cooling
Drying Vacuum
packing

Waxing Pickling
Reason : 1.2 Food Preservation Reason :
Slow down the (Process whereby food turning Prevents the growth
loss of water
bad is slowed down) of bacteria and
fungi
Example :
Fruits Example :
Fruits, chili, fish

Bottling/
Smoking Salting Pasteurising Freezing
canning
Reason : Reason : Reason : Reason :
Bacteria and fungi Destroy Bacteria and fungi Bacteria and fungi
Reason : cannot grow in very cannot grow
Dry the food microoganism cannot active at a
salt substances without air very low temperature
Example : Example :
Example : Milk, yogurt Example : Example :
Fish, meat Fish, eggs Meat, fish, fruits Fish, meat
1.3 The Importance of
Preserving Food

Food can be kept Easier to


for a longer time carry

Easier to To prevent the


store wastage of food
2.1 The Effects of
Types of waste Improper Waste Disposal
On The Environment
•Gas
•Liquid
•Solid The Harmful
Effect
The improper
ways disposal Smoke dissolved
•Open burning form weak acid
•Littering Kills plants & fish
•Chanelling- waste Destroys building &
factories into river bridges
• Releasing smoke
Sources of wastes Rubbish thrown in
and dangerous gasses
•From agricultural rivers or drain
activities  Cause flash-floods
The proper
•From vehicles and & water over flow
disposal ways
open burning Kill plants & animals
•Treat waste water in the river
•Toxic materials •Keep environment
•Rubbish
and home clean Open burning
•Reuse and recycle Cause asthma &
rubbish and waste eye irritation
• Reduce car Air pollution
•Build factories far
from home Disease
Cause by eating
polluted fish and plants
2.2 Some Waste
Microbes that cause Can Decay
waste to decay

• Fungi
• Bacteria Waste that do not decay
• Tin can
• Plastic
Waste that decay • Synthetic
• Glass
•Paper • Metal objects
• Wood
• Food
• Meat
What will happen if
waste do not decay
Disadvantages of Advantages of
waste decaying waste decaying • Animal extinction
• Give out • Return nutrient • Habitats destruction
poisonous gas to soil •Spoil natural beauty
• Unpleasant • Prevent rubbish •Change Climate
smell from accumulate
INVESTIGATING THE EARTH
& THE UNIVERSE
ECLIPSE OF THE MOON

The Earth is The Earth, the Moon The Earth’s position


between the Sun and the Sun are blocks sunlight from
and the Moon positioned in a reaching the Moon.
straight line

Earth The Earth’s shadow


is formed on the
Sun Moon Moon surface and
cause an eclipse of
the Moon
ECLIPSE OF THE SUN

The Moon is The Earth, the Moon and The Moon’s blocks
between the Sun the Sun are positioned in a the sunlight from
and the Earth straight line reaching the Earth

Earth
The Moon’s shadow
SUN Moon is formed on the
Earth’s surface

PHASES OF THE SUN DURING THE ECLIPSE

The place that experienced full eclipse is completely dark during the day time
INVESTIGATING
TECHNOLOGY
A device that allows us to use
1.1. Simple machine less force to make work easier
or faster

-To carry or move heavy objects


LEVER - e.g. hammer , spoon , scissor

-To lift heavy objects easier


INCLINED PLANE
e.g. stairs , slanting wooden plank

-To carry to move heavy objects easily


WHEEL AND AXLE e.g screw driver , car spanner

-To carry or lift objects to a higher place


PULLEY
-e.g flag pole , crane

-To cut or separate objects


WEDGE
-E.g knife , saw , axe

-To fix two objects together


SCREW
-E.g drill bit , spanner

-To move objects easily


GEAR -Gear in a watch
1.2 Analysing a
complex
machine

Made up of more
than one simple
machine. Hand Drill
Wheelbarrow Wedge, wheel and axle
Lever, wheel and axle

Bicycle Egg Beater


Gear, lever, Gear, wheel and axle
wheel and axle Crane Scissors
Gear, pulley, lever Lever, wedge
1.3 Appreciating the invention of machines that
make life easier.

Life with machine Life without machine

Help us travel from one place to Difficulty moving heavy things.


another.

Work in the fields is made easier and Will not be able to travel from
productivity of agricultural product is one place to another faraway
raised. place.

Construction work is made easier and


can be completed faster.

Help to move heavy things.

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