Gangtok Station
Sat. Visibility and GDOP
status for the proposed
survey period Using
Trimble Planning Software
Acquire a current
Almanac File
Select the location and
date of survey for the
proposed GPS fieldwork
GPS SURVEYING METHODS
Post-Processed
– Static: Stationary on point for extended periods of time.
– Rapid Static: Stationary on point for typical occupation
times of 3 to 20 minutes.
– Kinematic: Stationary initialization, then dynamic data
collection.
Real-Time
– DGPS: Code solutions suitable for most mapping and
GIS applications. RTCM correction is typical.
– Real-Time Kinematic: DGPS code and carrier solution
capable of producing centimetric results.
GPS SURVEYING TECHNIQUES
li ne
a se
B
RAPID STATIC GPS SURVEYING
GPS ROVER
STATION
GPS REFERENCE
STATION
STOP-AND-GO GPS SURVEYING
Corrections
Corrected x= x1 – xo
coordinates y= y1 – yo
X2 +x
z= z1 – zo
y2 +y
Z 2 + Z Corrections (x, y, z)
transmitted Rover
Autonomous
– Single receiver solution (regardless of type).
0 – 10 meter variable accuracy.
DGPS
– Differential “Code” solution. 1 – 3 meters of accuracy.
CPD Float
– Carrier Phase Differential Float solution. 10 cm to 1 m
accuracy.
CPD Fixed
– Carrier Phase Differential Fixed solution. 1 – 2 cm
accuracy. Survey grade.
GPS Modernization
7 satellites constellation