NH3 absorption in water

y A standard can be defined as a set of technical definitions and

guidelines- how to instructions for designers and manufacturers.

y Standards, which can run from a few paragraphs to hundreds of pages,

are written by experts.

y Our system is used to test the theory, of the ammonia gas absorption

into an ammonia solution for refrigeration applications, due to this is experimental work, we base on the basic requirement in security on: how to handle ammonia.

Use of standard
y As a guidelines that accredits users of standards to

ensure that they are capable of manufacturing products that meet those standards, provides stamps that accredited manufacturers place on their products, indicating that a product was manufactured according to a standard. y ASME cannot, however, force any manufacturer, inspector, or installer to follow ASME standards.

Stamp
y A stamp consists of a modified

cloverleaf (derived from the shape of the ASME logo) with one or more letters in the center. The letters refer to the type of equipment and the applicable code.

An example can be stated by a spread sheet given by the Minnesota department of agriculture, which store handle and use anhydrous ammonia on their premises.
Requires that:
y System piping must be made of steel or other material suitable for anhydrous

ammonia service , and must be designed for a pressure not less than the maximum pressure to which they may be subjected in service.

For Refrigerated system piping

y Low temperature (colder than -28.9 degree C) refrigerate ammonia system piping

must conform to the ANSI B31.3, B3.15, and K61.1 standards. The most common system piping components meeting the minimum standards for refrigerated ammonia systems are:

There is to be noted :
y

Piping and nipples not meeting the specification for low temperature piping is subject to charpy impact testing as prescribed in ASMU B31.3 and ASTM A370

Welded or welded and flanged joints: at leas schedule 40 standard (STD) rated piping y Threaded joints: At least schedule 80 Extra Heavy (XH) rated piping. y Threaded nipples must be seamless of schedule 80 Extra heavy (XH) rated
y

y Components, flanges, and fitting marked with forged ASTM / ASME A/SA and or class

#### specification designation. Specifications not marked or solely noted must meet the requirements for low temperature, refrigerated ammonia service. Unions must be steel to steel seated.

y Welding/ Welder qualifications :

y Welding on ammonia system piping must be performed by a qualified welder

utilizing qualified welding procedures. ASME code Section IX y Thread joint specification : Must conform to ANSI/ASME standard B1.20.1 Pipe threads, general purpose (inch)

y EXAMINATION/TESTING OF SYSTEM PIPING

y In-process examination of welded and threaded joints must be performed and

documented as part of the Certification of Completion by contractor/installer and/or owner of system piping.
y Pressure testing is required after system piping is installed. System

piping must be pressure tested and proved to be free of leaks at a pressure not less than the normal operating pressure. y SHUT-OFF VALVE INSTALLATION
y Shut-off valves must be positioned at close as practical to each tank port, may be installed in

either direction unless the manufacturer specifies otherwise.

y PROTECTION OF SYSTEM PIPING SUPPORT PROTECTION OF SYSTEM PIPING

y Shall be designed y to eliminate excessive vibration y from inadvertent movement y not positioned below the frost line y install pipe supports every 10 feet, plus one foot for each inch of pipe diameter. y Pressure relief protection for system piping and hosing must be provided by means of 350-400 psi/NH3-rated hydrostatic relief valves or hydrostats. y IDENTIFYING LIQUID & VAPOR PHASES y indicate whether the opening is in contact with the liquid or vapor phase.

ASTM B171 / B171M - 09a Standard Specification for Copper-Alloy Plate and Sheet for Pressure Vessels, Condensers, and Heat Exchangers
y This specification establishes the requirements for plates, sheets, and circles cut from y y y y

plates and sheets These materials are recommended for use in pressure vessels, condensers, and heat exchangers. The materials are manufactured by either hot rolling or forging and finished by such cold working and annealing to produce products of the required dimensions and properties. Tempers available under this specification are as hot rolled and hot rolled and annealed. The products manufactured for ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel code applications must be certified to the hot rolled and annealed temper while all other products can either have hot rolled or hot rolled and annealed temper. This specification also contains information on the required material chemical compositions, densities, and tensile properties.

This specification establishes the requirements for copper-alloy plate, sheet, and circles cut from plate and sheet for pressure vessels, condensers, and heat exchangers. The following alloys are covered
Copper Alloy C36500 C44300 C44400 C44500 C46400 C46500 C61300 C61400 C63000 C63200 C70600 C70620 C71500 C71520 C72200 Previously Used Designation Leaded Muntz Metal Admirality, Arsenical Admirality, Antimonial Admirality, Phosphorized Naval Brass, Uninhibited Naval Brass, Arsenical Aluminum Bronze Aluminum Bronze D 10 % Aluminum-Nickel Bronze 9 % Aluminum-Nickel Bronze 90-10 Copper Nickel 90-10 Copper Nickel -(modified for welding) 70-30 Copper Nickel 70-30 Copper Nickel-(modified for welding) ...

Referenced Documents ASTM Standards

B248 Specification for General Requirements for Wrought Copper and CopperAlloy Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar B248M Specification for General Requirements for Wrought Copper and Copper-Alloy Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar (Metric) B601 Classification for Temper Designations for Copper and Copper Alloys-Wrought and Cast B846 Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications E255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for the Determination of Chemical Composition E478 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper Alloys E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)

ASTM E1066 - 95(2006) Standard Test Method for Ammonia Colorimetric Leak Testing
y

This method is useful for locating and measuring the size of gas leaks either as a quality-control test or as a field-inspection procedure. It can be used to test critical parts or containers that will hold toxic or explosive gases or liquids or as a quick test for other containers.

1.1 This test method covers the testing of large single- and double-walled tanks, pressure and vacuum vessels, laminated, lined- or double-walled parts, complex piping systems, flexible containers (such as aircraft fuel tanks), glass-to-metal seals in hybrid packages, and systems that inherently contain or will contain ammonia (such as large tonnage refrigeration systems and fertilizer storage systems). 1.2 This method can be used on piping, valves and containers with welded, fitted, or laminated sections that can be sealed at their ends or between their outer and inner walls and that are designed for internal pressures of 34.5 kPa (5 psig) or greater. 1.3 Basic procedures are described based on the type of inspection used. These procedures should be limited to finding leakage indications of 4.5 x 10-12 mol/s (1 x 10-7 Std cm 3/s) or larger. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use
ASTM Standards E1002 Test Method for Leaks Using Ultrasonics E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations