FIRST AID 101

Vernon Serafico, M.D. Diplomate, Philippine College of Physicians

Objectives

Define first aid Know your tools Discuss how to give first aid Discuss anticipatory guidance Discuss basic life support Be able to identify a life threatening situation

Definition
Simple emergency medical care

procedures performed by lay rescuers before medical professionals are available May refer to emergency medical providers, such as ambulance and other first responders

Aims
Preserve life Prevent further harm Promote recovery

Responsibilities
Assess the situation quickly and

safely and summon appropriate help Protect casualties and others at the scene from possible danger To identify, as far as possible, the nature of illness or injury affecting casualty. To give each casualty early and appropriate treatment, treating the most serious condition first.

Responsibilities
To arrange for the casualtys removal

to hospital or into the care of a doctor. To remain with a casualty until appropriate care is available. To report your observations to those taking care of the casualty, and to give further assistance if required.

PRIORITY OF CASUALTIES
Save the conscious casualties before the

unconscious ones as they have a higher chance of recovery. Save the young before the old. Do not jeopardize your own life while rendering First Aid. In the event of immediate danger, get out of site immediately. Remember: One of your aims is to preserve life, and not endanger your own in the process of rendering First Aid.

Types of First Aid

Emergencies Minor injuries

Emergencies
Life threatening
Anaphylactic shock insect bites,

food/drug allergies Choking foreign body ingestion Electrical burn Major injuries
Active bleeding Stabbing
Cardiac Arrest heart attack Stroke brain attack

Minor Injuries

Small cuts Bruises/Bumps Superficial thermal burns Sprains/Strains

Common injuries in school:

Food-borne illnesses from school-

provided food. Slip-and-fall accidents. Injuries from defective classroom equipment, such as desks or chairs. Asbestos (or other toxins) exposure.

Common injuries in school:

Injuries from heavy lifting. Any form of assault or abuse. Injuries from sports activities. Infections from unsanitary conditions. Improper treatment by school medical staff (such as incorrect distribution of prescription medicine)

Contents of a First Aid Kit

adhesive bandages sterile gauze/pads thermometer scissors irrigation syringe personal protective device penlight/flashlight

Contents of a First Aid Kit

regular strength pain medication oral rehydration salts antidiarrheal meds anti-itch ointment antibacterial cream/ointment low grade disinfectant antihistamines

Treatment
Anaphylaxis bring to nearest E.R. Bleeding wounds
Control the bleeding (apply direct

pressure)

Wounds, small bruises, cuts

clean with soap and water disinfect with betadine apply a sterile gauze

Treatment
Burns
Stop the burning process Pain relief Antibacterial cream

Choking
Heimlich maneuver Coughing

Treatment
Cramps
Stretch the muscles and apply cold

compress Fractures Immobilize with a use of splints Joint Dislocation treat like fracture when in doubt

Treatment
Heart attack
Check medications Bring to E.R.

Heat stroke/Heat Syncope/Hyperthermia

Eliminate heat source, hydration

Hypothermia
Warm blankets

Treatment
Hypo/Hyperglycemia
Correction of sugar

Poisoning
Call poison center 524-1078 Bring to E.R.

Treatment
Seizures
Prevent further injury

Stroke
Bring to E.R.

Toothache
Analgesics Call parents/guardian

Treatment
Sprains/Strains
Rest Ice Compress Elevate

Treatment
Bites (animal or human)
Clean with soap and water Wound dressing / Suturing Vaccination

Insect bites/stings
Anti-inflammatory ointments

Anticipatory Guidance

Avoid falls chairs, tables, stairs Poisoning erasers, crayons, mercury Pedestrian safety Car safety Play throw, catch Fires/Burns electrical devices

Basic Life Support

A level of medical care provided by

prehospital emergency medical services consists of essential non-invasive lifesaving procedures, such as CPR, bleeding control, splinting broken bones, artificial ventilation, and basic airway management

Basic Life Support

Basic life support level providers
emergency medical technicians certified first responders

Basic Life Support

C A B C

ompression

irway reathing irculation

Basic Life Support

Approach safely Check response Shout for help Open airway Check breathing Call Hospital/ER 30 chest compressions 2 rescue breaths

Pediatric basic life support

simplification based on the knowledge that many children receive no resuscitation at all because rescuers fear doing harm.

Age: - infant is a child under 1 year of age; - child - between 1 year and puberty.

30
3 0

Basic Life Support

Approach safely Check response Shout for help Open airway

head tilt and chin lift,

Campbell

Basic Life Support

Approach safely Check response Shout for help Open airway Check breathing

Look, listen and feel for NORMAL breath

I V I TI S TA RTS TO B R E ATH E F C M N O R M A LLY PLA C E I R E C O V E R Y N PO S I O N TI

STEP 1: Kneel next to the person. Place the arm closest to you straight out from the body. Position the far arm with the back of the hand against the near cheek.

STEP 2: Grab and bend the persons far knee.

http://www.health.harvard.edu/fhg/firstaid/recovery.shtml

STEP 3: Protecting the head with one hand, gently roll the person toward you by pulling the far knee over and to the ground.
STEP 4: Tilt the head up slightly so that the airway is open. Make sure that the hand is under the cheek. Place a blanket or coat over the person (unless he/she has a heat illness or fever) and stay close until help arrives.
http://www.health.harvard.edu/fhg/firstaid/recovery.shtml

RECOVERY POSITION

RECOVERY POSITION
For people who are unconscious, or

semiconscious, but are still breathing. If there are spinal or neck injuries, do not attempt to place the casualty in the recovery position. NOTE: Leaving the victim in this position for long periods may cause them to experience nerve compression.

Thank you!
ANG
D. R

SERAFICO MEDICAL CLINIC

147-B Roosevelt Avenue, Barangay Paraiso, San Francisco Del Monte, Quezon City

Sources

http://en.wikipedia.org http://www.health.harvard.edu/fhg/firstaid/r UST Handbook of Medical Emergencies google