MATrix LABoratory Matlab workshop-MEDCON08-09

MATrix LABoratory
A portmanteau MATLAB was invented in the late 1970s by Cleve Moler, then chairman of the computer science department at the University of New Mexico

Evolution. ..and use.

He designed it to give his students access to LINPACK and EISPACK without having to learn Fortran LINPACK and EISPACK- numerical computation software for linear algebra and eigen values and eigen vectors of matrices

Origin
50 years back,three men, J. H. Wilkinson, George Forsythe, and John Todd, played important roles in the origins of MATLAB. Wilkinson was a British mathematician at NPL built the Pilot Automatic Computing Engine (ACE), one of Britains first storedprogram digital computers

 At the same time,Institute for Numerical Analysis (INA), a branch of the National Bureau of Standards located at UCLA, were working with the Standards Western Automatic Computer (SWAC), one of the USAs first computers. Researchers at INA included George Forsythe, John Todd, and Olga Taussky-Todd. When the INA dissolved in 1957, Forsythe joined the faculty at Stanford and the Todds joined the faculty at Caltech.

 Photo at INA:George Forsythe is in the center, and John Todd is looking over Forsythes shoulder.

Cleve Moler
Caltech as a freshman in 1957 and two years later took John Todds Math 105, Numerical Analysis. One of the projects that he did under Todds direction in 1960 involved Hilbert matrices. These are famous, ill-conditioned test matrices with elements hi,j = 1/(i+j-1), i,j = 1, , n

 In 1961, it was time for graduate school. Todd recommended that Cleve Moler go to Stanford and work with his friend George Forsythe Cleve Molers 1965 Ph.D. thesis under Forsythes direction was entitled Finite Difference Methods for the Eigenvalues of Laplaces Operator.

 The primary example, on which both Forsythe and Wilkinson had worked earlier, was the Lshaped membrane, now the MathWorks logo. The logo represents the first vibrational mode of a thin Lshaped membrane, clamped at the edges, and governed by the wave equation.

 Alston Householder from Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of Tennessee began a series of research conferences on numerical algebra in the late 1950s. These are now held every three or four years and are called the Householder Conferences
J. H. Wilkinson, Wallace Givens, George Forsythe, Alston Householder, Peter Henrici, and F. L. Bauer have influenced MATLAB.

 Every summer for 15 years, Wilkinson lectured in a short course at the University of Michigan and then visited Argonne National Laboratory for a week or two. Researchers at Argonne translated the Algol code for matrix eigenvalue computation from the Wilkinson and Reinsch handbook into Fortran to produce EISPACK. This was followed by LINPACK, a package of Fortran programs for solving linear equations.

The end of the beginning

Jack Little, a Stanford- and MIT-trained control engineer, was the principal developer of one of the first commercial products based on Fortran MATLAB. When IBM announced their first PC in August, 1981, Jack quickly anticipated the possibility of using MATLAB and the PC for technical computing. He and colleague Steve Bangert reprogrammed MATLAB in C and added M-files, toolboxes, and more powerful graphics Recognizing its commercial potential, he joined with Moler and Steve Bangert.

The MathWorks Inc.

On December 7, 1984 , the company was founded by Jack Little (President & CEO), Cleve Moler (Chief Scientist), and Steve Bangert

The MathWorks, Inc. - The Company

Founded in 1984, privately held Based in Natick, Massachusetts 475 employees (150+ Developers) Annual growth > 30% Founders still active -- Jack Little, Cleve Moler, and Steve Bangert

MATLAB
MATLAB is the leading computational software for
Product design and development Research in industry and academia Technical education

Over 400,000 MATLAB users worldwide Used in over 100 countries

MATLAB is an integrated technical computing environment. Its capabilities include:

Mathematical computation Graphics and visualization Data analysis Algorithm development Simulation and modeling Programming and application development

For the purposes of an engineer or scientist, MATLAB has the most features and is the best developed program in its class. -IEEE Spectrum, Software Review, February 1997

Notable Projects Using MATLAB

Space Maneuvering Vehicle Deep Space Probe International Space Station Next Generation Space Telescope MARS Rover animation

The MathWorks Products

Language General Applications Signal Processing

MATLAB
MATLAB Compiler

Optimization Spline Statistics Symbolic Math NAG

Image Processing Mapping

Power System Block Set Fuzzy Logic Financial Toolbox Partial Differential Eqns Neural Network

Signal Processing DSP Blockset Wavelets Communications

Database

System Identification

Control

Simulation & Code generation

Partners

System ID Frequency-Domain System ID

SIMULINK Stateflow Real-Time Workshop Fixed Point Blockset RTW Ada Extension

ADI (Beacon) dSPACE RTI VxWorks - Wind River SD/Fast - Symbolic Dynamics Maple V - Waterloo Maple Saber - Analogy ADAMS - MDI DADS - CADSI Teamwork - CADRE

MathWorks trivia
In 1984,MathWorks had only 20 employees ,namely Jack Little. In 1985,Steve Bangert joined the staff giving the company 21 employees.By 1991 it had grown to 27 employees.Today there is atleast 221 employees.

L shaped membrane
The simple physical situations involving waves on an L-shaped region vibrating L-shaped membrane, tambourine, a beach towel blowing in the wind, constrained by a picnic basket on one fourth of the towel. microwave waveguides

Evolution of the L membrane

This indicates the change in computer graphics over the years Before MATLAB in 1965,a 2D contour plot could be produced on a Calcomp pen and drum plotter By 1990,MATLAB could compute and visualise black and white 3D wireframe view using hidden line algorithms In 1993,MATLAB introduced indexed pseudo coloring In1995, MATLAB provided a crude shading algorithm In 1997, there were full shading and lighting support Today with high speed hardware and OpenGL we can change viewpoint , lighting and shading and watch the membrane vibrate in real time

 Type vibes

Datatypes