CONTROL & INSTRUMENTATION FOR THERMAL POWER PLANT

BASED ON INDUSTRIAL TRAINING UNDERTAKEN AT C&I DEPTT., NTPC,DADRI

NATIONAL CAPITAL POWER STATION

NTPC, DADRI  Public Sector Undertaking  Has both Thermal Plant & Gas Plant with 840 MW & 817 MW capacities  NCPS Thermal Power Plant  Units Size  Unit Commissioned 4X210 MW Unit I October 1991 Unit II December 1992 Unit III March1993 Unit IV March 1994 Piparwar Mines, North Karanpura, Jharkhand Upper Ganga Canal 100.5% 0.5 Delhi, U.P.

 Coal Source  Water Source  Plant Load Factor  Man-MW Ratio  Beneficiary States

PLANT OVERVIEW

CONTROL & INSTRUMENTATION

The Brain of the Plant

OBJECTIVES Safe Operation of Plant  Low Cost of Generation Long life of Equipments  Maximum Efficiency  Energy Conservation  Low Effects on Environment

C&I IN PLANT HIERARCHY

C&I LABS
MANOMETRY LAB

Deals with pressure measurement

PYROMETRY LAB

Deals with temperature measurement

PROTECTION & INTERLOCK LAB AUTOMATION LAB

Interconnection & interdependence of instruments Instruments used for protection Deals with the automation of equipments & processes

FSSS LAB

Responsible for starting fire in furnace & its safe operation

ELECTRONICS TEST LAB

Undertakes the calibration & testing of various cards

MEASUREMENT
TEMPERATURE  Thermometer  Thermocouples  RTD  Ultraviolet Sensors FLOW  Orifice Flow Meter  Venturi Tubes  Elbow Meters  Flow Nozzle Meters LEVEL  Sight Glass  Float With Gauge Post  Float with Pressure Gauge  Diaphragm type  Sealed tube type  Air Purge System

PRESSURE  Manometer  Bourdon Pressure Gauge  Transmitter

ANALYZERS  Flue gas analyzers  Steam & Water Analyzers

DDCMIS

(Distributed Digital Control, Monitoring & Information System )

Distributed means there is no centralized control and control is spread across multiple units Digital means processing of process information is done in digital form using microprocessor based hardware MIS interfaces the human with process using computers

DDCMIS

MMIPIS

CONTROL SYSTEM (HARDWARE)

DATA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM (DATA HIGHWAY)

MMIPIS
(Man Machine Interface & Plant Information System)

MMI
 user interface

FUNCTIONS
 VPC Operation  Provide information through various displays  Long term storage  Performance & other calculations

where interaction between humans & machines takes place  receives feedback from machines  aids operator in making decisions  includes monitors, printers, recorders, indicators, etc.

PIS
 captures & stores data related to processes  recreates plant history for future analysis  generates data for end-users for making efficient & quick decisions

OPERATOR WORK STATION DISPLAY

1. MIMIC Display: graphical display that simultaneously display on one panel different types of dynamic & static data 2. Trend Display: shows time dependent values in the form of curves (x-t graph) 3. X-Y Display: shows x-y plot of its inputs which are scalar 4. Operator Guidance Display: utilized to display operator guidance information in response to operator initiation 5. System & Diagnostic Display: helps to access the state of the plant sub-systems; indicates a fault condition; provides recommendations 6. Fault Analysis Display: information regarding pre-fault, fault, post-fault conditions; time calculation based on the values of the digital signal; data base and statistical analysis of fault location & fault types 7. Sequence Display: provides a sequence based view of plant operation; identical to sequence layout of the plant 8. Bar Control Display : sections that require frequent observation are put on this display

ALARM ANNUNCIATION SYSTEM

In the plant, when a process parameter goes to abnormal limit, the operated is to be alerted immediately so that he can take corrective actions to bring the parameter back to normal. This is accomplished by Alarm Annunciation System. This is important for plant safety. CONTROL ROOM Provided with a set of push button switches

Ack.

Reset

Test

Corrective measure is taken accordingly

CONTROL SYSTEM-HARDWARE
PROCONTROL P Supplied by BHEL Modular Electronics Programmable Processors
 Microprocessor based  Simple to program  High speed computation  Work independently from remote multiplexing system

Data Acquisition
 Accurate signal digitalization with dedicated converters  Robust against electrical noise  Work independently from programmable processors

Remote Multiplexing
Extremely high data transmission & distributed solutions to far closed loop controls  Redundant multi channel configuration

 Dedicated modules  Flexible in configuration  Easy to install  Provided with sensors

PROCONTROL MODULES
INPUT MODULE Receives the process signals, convert them to digital form & communicate the value on local bus Receives the value from local bus & gives output to the process field Executes all the logics that are programmed into it Logics are programmed using P10 language Used for controlling different types of process actuating elements Have inbuilt predefined logics 1.Bus Traffic Director: Controls communication process on the bus 2. Bus Coupler: Connects the local bus to the IPB 3.Bus End Module: Used to terminate the local bus

OUTPUT MODULE

PROCESSOR MODULE

DRIVE MODULE

BUS COMMUNICATION MODULE

Energy is Life
Lets Conserve it

Thank You!!