UMTS UE

Universal Mobile Telecommunication System General Introduction

Going 2G -> 3G : Why ?

Unexpected increase in subscription Mobile network congestion New paradigm in subscriber behaviourfrom telephony to infotainment ! Frequency spectrum released

Region-wise spectrum

Frequency Bands

Frequency Planning -example

The Data Rates

UMTS Vs GSM - Changes

UMTS
Bandwidt (1 s r) Multi l acc ss

GSM

5 MHz 200 KHz WCDMA: DMA + TDMA - DD -TDD Fr . R us att rn 1 3,4,9,12,18, Fr uency diversity Wideband (cdma) Sl w freq. ing Power control FDD 1500 Hz 2 Hz max TDD [100 Hz, 800 Hz] Cell dimension Cell breat ing Independent of user Services multimedia CS, multicall Voice, CS Data, PS SS, Qos support, (addl.) services

UMTS Vs GSM - Similarities

GMM (Attach/Detach) SM (PDP context management) Backbone

Evolution path in 3G

Features of UMTS

Features of UMTS - UTRA

Features of UMTS - CN

UMTS Network Architecture

UMTS Entities
Element Replaces Runs

UMTS Bearer Service

Quality of Service
Conversational
inter-packet relation delay sensitive (Video) Telephony, real-time video games Multimedia applications Telnet sessions, internet surfing File transfer, bulk emails

Streaming
inter-packet relation

Interactive
reasonably quick response data integrity

Background
data integrity

Control plane stacks (eg. CS)

NAS

AS

User plane stacks (eg. PS)

User plane stacks (eg. PS)

UE Protocol Architecture
User App-1 User App -n Broadcast Multicast Application Serial Port / MMI / OS Control Application MN - Mobile Netowork Layer Local OAM
NSAPIs BMC SAP

MN Controller

Application Command Interpreter

USIM Interface TS 31.102 R A B -1 R A B -n

UICCD

CM Connection Management SM TS 24.008 GSMS TS 24.011 SS TS 24.010 CC TS 24.008

Non-Access Stratum

RABM (24.007) MM Mobility Management GMM TS 24.008 MM TS 24.008

Internal Stack Management Interface

PDCP1-SAP

PDCPn-SAP

BMC-SAP

RABMAS-SAP

GMMAS-SAP

RR-SAP

PDCP TS 25.323

BMC TS 25.324

RRC TS 25.331,

RLC-UM/AM/Tr

RLC-UM

RLC-UM/AM/Tr

Access Stratum

RLC - TS 25.322 MAC - TS 25.321

CRLC-SAP

CMAC-SAP

CPHY-SAP

PHY - TS 25.211-15

Codec Control Application

Logical Ports

Application protocols in UTRAN

Iu interface (between RNC and core network)
RANAP (Radio Access Network Application Part)
Radio Access Bearer (RAB) management SRNS Relocation Transfer of higher-level signalling messages

Iur interface (between Serving and Drift RNCs)

RNSAP (Radio N/w Subsystem Application Part) Link management for inter-RNC soft handover

Iub interface (between RNC and base station)

NBAP (Node B Application Part)

Something about specs

A Thumb rule: equivalent of say GSM X.YY 20 X . 0 YY (Ex. .0 -> 2 .00 ) Helpful specs:
2 .060: Service escription 2 . : Examples on Signalling Procedures 2 .007: adio I/f signalling l - General aspects

UMTS Physical Layer

Some concepts

Key PHY Layer Specs (FDD)

TS 2 .2 : Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels Tr CH, Ph CH, Ph CH Slot format, Tr<=>Ph map TS 2 .2 2: Multiplexing and channel coding Coding and mux Tr CH, interleaving, rate matching, phy segmentation and mapping. TS 2 .2 : Spreading and modulation Channelisation, Scrambling, preamble, sync word TS 2 .2 : Physical layer procedures: Synchronisation, power control, random access. Others: TS2 . 02 (Services Provided by the Physical Layer), TS 2 .2 (Physical layer Measurements), etc.

Transport Channels: A higher level model of phys channels

Services offered by L1(data tx chars- the `how `part ): Dedicated Channel: Only one type - CH, transmitted over entire cell (or part); inherent addressing (phys channel). Common Channels: 6 types; use explicit addressing for UE, if required:
BCH: L, Single Tr format; cell info, over entire cell. FACH: L, entire cell or part; can use slow power control. PCH: L, alw entire cell; paging ind. for efficient sleep mode proc RACH: UL, alw recd from entire cell; collision risk. Others: CPCH (UL), and SCH( L) for many UEs.

Indicators: Fast, low level signalling info, e.g.

Acquisition Indicator (AI), Access Preamble Indicator (API), Channel Assignment Indicator (CAI), Collision etection Indicator (CDI), Page Indicator (PI) and Status Indicator (SI).

Transport Format
Transport Format: A combination of encodings,
interleaving, bit rate and mapping onto physical channels eg. {32 Kb/s}, {64 Kb/s}, {16 Kb/s}.

Transport Format Set: A set of transport formats

out of which the MAC can assign a transport format to a certain radio access bearer, eg. say RAB1 TFSet is {32 Kb/s, 64 Kb/s}, and RAB2 TFSet is {16 Kb/s, 64 Kb/s}.

Transport Format Combination Set: A set of

combinations of TFs for MAC to schedule RABs, eg. TFCSet {16 kb/s, 32 kb/s, 48 kb/s, 64 kb/s}. If TF for RAB1 is 32 Kb/s, TF for RAB2 can be 16 Kb/s (or 32 Kb/s ?).

Transport Vs Logical channels

Logical Channels provided by the L2/MAC sub-layer to higher layer: An information
stream dedicated to the transfer of a specific type of information over the radio interface

Classified into: Control (transfer of control information): BCCH(DL), PCCH(DL),

CCCH(DL/UL), DCCH (DL/UL)

Traffic (transfer of user plane info):

DTCH (DL/UL).

Transport <=> Logical mapping

Physical Channels and Signals

What is a physical channel: a carrier frequency, scrambling code, channelization code (optional), time start & stop (giving a duration) etc. a Radio Frame: 15 slots, 00 chip, 10 ms long a Slot: duration containing actual bits, 2560 chips(0.66 ms) long. a Composite coded transport channel (CCTrCH): Transport Channels multiplexed as per some rule. a Physical Signal: Signalling entities, without any Transport Channel / Indicator mapped; for use of PHY.

Channel Types and Properties

Physical Layer Responsibilities

Transport to physical channel mapping Spreading and modulation User data transmission Signaling Physical layer procedures

The nuts and bolts of phy

Transport <=> Physical Mapping

DS-CDMA Operation Concept

Symbol

CDMA Implementation in UMTS:

Channelisation and Scrambling Codes

Code tree for Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor

C c h ,4 ,0 = (1 ,1 ,1 ,1 ) C c h,2 ,0 = (1 ,1 ) C c h ,4,1 = (1 ,1 ,-1 ,-1 ) C c h ,1 ,0 = (1 ) C c h ,4,2 = (1 ,-1 ,1 ,-1 ) C c h ,2 ,1 = (1 ,-1 ) C c h ,4,3 = (1 ,-1 ,-1 ,1 ) SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4

Variable Spreading Factor Decreasing data rate/increasing branches

Pseudonoise (PN) Code

Has properties of noise and appears randomized Number of ones and zeros within a code sequence can differ no more than 1 digit. Exhibit run-length properties (Bernoulli sequence) The PN sequence is orthogonal to a copy of itself, which is offset by a non-zero number of bits Number of a Agreements and Disagreements should never differ by more than 1
PN without offset 110001001101011 PN with -bit offset 101111000100110 Agreements and Disagreements 100001110110010 esulting in 7 agreements and disagreements

Spreading and Scrambling: UMTS implementation

Transport Channel Multiplexing

Spreading Example UL Dedicated Channel

D PD C H 1
,

D PD C H 3
,5

I+jQ
,

D PD C H 2
,

D PD C H 4
,

D PD C H 6 cc D PC C H
Fc

D PD C H 5

c ,

Modulation Example -UL

cos([t) Re{S} Complex-valued chip sequence from spreading operations S Split real & imag. parts Pulseshaping Pulseshaping -sin([t)

Im{S}

Convolution Coding Example

Interleaving

Uplink Common Channels

RACH: Based on a Slotted ALOHA approach with fast acquisition indication. Can be either 10 or 20 ms long. Mechanism is: send a preamble (containing a signature - 16 chip long) listen to Access Indicator for the sent signature send the message: includes data and control (for est).
Data Pilot N pilot bits T slot = 2560 chips, 10*2 k bits (k=0..3) Data N data bits TFCI N TFCI bits

Control

Slot #0

Slot #1

Slot #i Message part radio frame T RACH = 10 ms

Slot #14

Uplink Dedicated Channel Frame Structure

DPDCH Data N data bits T slot = 2560 chips, N data = 10*2 k bits (k=0..6) DPCCH Pilot N pilot bits TFCI N TFCI bits T slot = 2560 chips, 10 bits FBI N FBI bits TPC N TPC bits

Slot #0

Slot #1

Slot #i 1 radio frame: T f = 10 ms

Slot #14

SF - 256/2**k, Bit field sizes in DPCCH are configurable (based on slot format).

Uplink DPDCH Data Rates

Uplink Muxing and Chan Coding

DL Dedicated Phys Channel

Only one type DL DPCH; carries control multiplexed. SF = 512/2**k (i.e. 512 - )
DPDCH Data1 Ndata1 bits DPCCH TPC NTPC bits TFCI NTFCI bits

message, time

DPDCH Data2 Ndata2 bits

DPCCH Pilot Npilot bits

Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0..7)

Slot #0

Slot #1

Slot #i One radio frame, Tf = 10 ms

Slot #14

Dnlink Dedicated Channel Symbol and Bit Rates

Dnlink Muxing and Chan Coding

Dnlink Phy Channels

256 chips
P rim S C H

2560 chips (0.667 ms)

P rim S C H P rim S C H

SCH

Sec. SCH
Cell spec #1

Sec. SCH
Cell spec #2

Sec. SCH
Cell spec #16

Prim. CCPCH (BCCH)

Prim. CCPCH (BCCH)

Pilot
Pilot TPC

Prim. CCPCH (BCCH)

Pilot
Pilot TPC

CCH

Pilot
Pilot TPC

Data
RI D ata

Data
RI Data

Data
RI Data

Sec. CCPCH( FACH /PCH ) Sec. CCPCH( FACH/PCH )

Sec. CCPCH( FACH/PCH )

DCH

DPCCH
P ilo t TPC RI

DPDCH
D a ta

DPCCH
P ilo t TPC RI

DPDCH
D a ta

DPCCH
P ilo t TPC RI

DPDCH
D a ta

UMTS Physical Layer Procedures

Some Examples

Power Control - Cell Breathing

Soft Handovers in UTRAN

**

**Alternatively, SHO can be between base stations of the same RNC

Random Access (Uplink)

Forward Access Channel (DL)

Several FACHs with different transport format multiplexed on the physical layer Mapped to Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (SCCPCH) No fast power control, no macro diversity (transmitted at broadcast power level, i.e. on average rather high energy per data bit Eb spent) Scheduling delay

Downlink Shared Channel

Format indicator (TFCI) on associated DPCH includes assignment of PDSCH spreading code Jointly power controlled with the associated DCH

Downlink Shared Channel

Format indicator (TFCI) on associated DPCH includes assignment of PDSCH spreading code Jointly power controlled with the associated DCH

Radio States (for eg. Procs)

PHY Service Example

PHY Service Example

PHY Service Example

PHY Service Example

Service Example Down-switching (Cell_DCH"Cell_FACH"Cell_PCH )

Service Example Up-switching (Cell_FACH "Cell_DCH)

Terms
SFN: System Frame Number - a 12 bit number, for procedures spanning > 10 ms, eg RACH, Paging etc. CFN: Start Time Service: to upper layer Function: in itself/peer for supporting service